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Each chapter concludes with “Conclusion,” “Discussion Questions,” and “Notes.” Preface. I. AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY 1. Social Policy and the American Welfare State Definitions of Social Welfare Policy Social Problems and Social Welfare Policy Social Work and Social Policy Values, Ideology, and Social Welfare Policy The Political Economy of American Social Welfare The U.S. Economic Continuum Keynesian Economics Conservative or Free Market Economics Democratic Socialism The U.S. Political Continuum Liberalism and Left-of-Center Movements Classical Conservatives and the Far Right The Welfare Philosophers and the Neoconservative Think Tanks 2. Social Welfare Policy Research: a Framework for Policy Analysis A Proposed Model for Policy Analysis Historical Background of the Policy Problem(s) That Necessitate the Policy Policy Description Policy Analysis Researching and Analyzing Social Policies Social Policy Research and the Internet Journals and Online Research Online Data Collection Ethical Concerns Related to Online Research Involving Human Subjects Finding and Accessing Online Information Citing and Documenting Information Obtained Online Evaluating Reliable and Legitimate Internet Sources Electronic Journals: An Increasingly Popular Venue Online Publishing 3. Religion and Social Welfare Policy (by Howard Jacob Karger and Peter Kindle). Religious Antecedents of Welfare Statism The English Poor Laws Church, State, and Social Welfare in Colonial America The Second Great Awakening The Civil War Era The Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries The Rise Of Social Work As A Profession Urban Needs During Industrialization Charity Organization Societies Settlement Houses The Social Casework Agency The Progressive Movement Religion and the Post-Industrial Welfare State The Fundamentalist Controversy and Its Aftermath The Great Depression and New Deal Patterns of Religious Change Religion and the New Media Secularization The Reawakening of a Religious Social Conscience and the Great Society The Continuing Decline of Mainline Influence The New Christian Right 4. Discrimination in American Society Discrimination Racism The Minority Middle Class Discrimination against African Americans The "Diswelfare" of African Americans Hispanic Americans The Demography of Hispanic Americans Hispanic Poverty and Income Diversity in the Hispanic Population Native Americans Asian Americans Immigrants and Immigration Women and Society Violence and Sexism The Feminization of Poverty Women and Low-Income Work Women and Work Income and Job Disparities between Men and Women Day Care: A Barrier to Female Employment Women in Uniform Other Obstacles Faced by Working Women Fighting Back: The Equal Rights Amendment and Comparable Worth Abortion and Women's Rights Gays and Lesbians: Two Populations at Risk Violence against Gays and Lesbians Gay Rights Gay and Lesbians in the Military Gay and Lesbian Family Life AIDS and the Gay Community Ageism The Elderly Poor and Social Programs Health Care and the Elderly People with Disabilities Legal Attempts to Remedy Discrimination Affirmative Action 5. Poverty in America Some Theoretical Formulations about Poverty African Americans and Poverty The Culture of Poverty Eugenics and Poverty The Radical School and Poverty Who Make Up the Poor? U.S. Poverty Highlights Measuring Poverty Families and Poverty Child Support Enforcement Children in Poverty Poverty and the Elderly The Urban and Rural Poor Work and Poverty A Profile of the Working Poor Why Are There Working Poor? Underemployment and Unemployment Job Training Programs Dual Labor Markets The Minimum Wage and Poverty Strategies Developed to Combat Poverty IDAs Three Approaches to Combat Poverty The Digital Divide America’s Fringe Economy The Unbanked and the Functionally Poor Credit and the Poor The Furniture and Appliance Rental Industry Cash Loans Pawnshops Car Title Pawns Payday Loans Tax Refund Loans (RALs) Check-Cashing Transportation in the Fringe Economy II. THE VOLUNTARY AND FOR-PROFIT SOCIAL SECTORS 6. The Voluntary Sector Today Structural Interests within Social Welfare Traditional Providers Welfare Bureaucrats Clinical Entrepreneurs Human Service Executives Marginal Interests The Forgotten Sector Advancing Social Justice Contemporary Nonprofit Human Service Organizations The United Way Elite Philanthropy The Future of the Voluntary Sector Commercialization Faith-Based Social Services Social Entrepreneurship 7. Privatization and Human Service Corporations Concerns about Privatization Privatizing Public Welfare Issues in the Privatization of Health and Human Services Commercialization Preferential Selection Cost-Effectiveness Standardization Oligopolization The Challenge of Privatization Unions and the Private Sector Corporate Welfare History of the Corporate Sector Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Influence on Social Welfare Policy The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) The Heritage Foundation The Future of Corporate Involvement in Social Welfare Human Service Corporations The Scope of Human Service Corporations Consolidation and Growth in Human Service Markets Nursing Homes Hospital Management Health Maintenance Organizations Child Care Home Health Care Corrections Life Care and Continuing Care III. THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR 8. The Making of Governmental Policy Technical Aspects of the Policy Process A Critical Analysis of the Policy Process The Policy Process Social Stratification Formulation Legislation Implementation Evaluation Non-Decision Making Social Workers and Social Reform Social Work and Advocacy Organizations Advocacy Organizations and the New Policy Institutes Political Practice 9. Tax Policy and Income Distribution History of U.S. Tax Policy Tax Policy and Special Interests Federal Tax Policy State Tax Policy and the Poor The Efficiency of Tax Policy in Reducing Poverty Tax Expenditures as Poverty Policy The Antitax Movement 10. Social Insurance Programs Definition of Social Insurance The Background of Social Insurance The Financial Organization of Social Insurance Key Social Insurance Programs OASDI Unemployment Insurance Workers' Compensation The Social Security Dilemma Arguments against the Current Social Security System Arguments for the Current Social Security System Social Security in Trouble The Long-Term Prospects for Social Security Proposed Solutions for Social Security Should We Privatize Social Security? 11. Public Assistance Programs Some Assumptions That Underlie Public Assistance Myths about Public Assistance Aid to Families with Dependent Children The Evolution of the AFDC Program The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 State Welfare Reform Waivers Has the PRWORA Worked? Proposed Changes in the TANF Program Supplemental Security Income General Assistance Trends and Issues in Public Assistance Transforming Public Assistance Policy into Labor Policy Teenage Pregnancy The Underclass Welfare Behaviorism Welfare to Work The Inadequacy of Public Assistance Benefits Appendix: Highlights of Selected State Welfare Demonstration Projects, 2000 12. The American Health Care System The Uninsured The Organization of Medical Services Major Public Health Care Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and S-CHIP Medicare Medicaid The State Children's Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP) The Tobacco Settlement The Health Care Crisis Overview of U.S. Health Care Expenditures U.S. Health Care in International Perspective Explaining the High Cost of U.S. Health Care Hospital Costs Physicians' Salaries The Pharmaceutical Industry Cutting Health Care Costs Managed Care The Underinsured AIDS and Health Care Reforming U.S. Health Care Socialized Medicine National Health Insurance Incremental Reform Comparative Analysis: Health Care in Canada and Britain The Canadian Health Care System Britain's National Health Service 13. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy Mental Health Reform The Community Mental Health Centers Acts Deinstitutionalization The Revolving Door CMHCs under Siege Preventive Commitment Mental Health Service Delivery Parity for Mental Health Care Substance Abuse History of Substance Abuse Alcohol Abuse Drug Abuse Private Practice and Mental Health Services Private Practice in Social Work The Business of Private Practice The Future of the Private Sector 14. Criminal Justice History of U.S. Criminal Justice The Criminal Justice System Juvenile Justice The War on Drugs The Underclass and "Moral Poverty" Legalization of Drugs The "New Penology" The Future of Criminal Justice 15. Child Welfare Policy History of U.S. Child Welfare Policy Protective Services for Children Foster Care for Children Adoption Head Start Emerging Issues in Child Welfare Day Care Maternal and Child Health Teen Pregnancy 16. Housing Policies Overview of Housing Legislation The Federal Government and Low-Income Housing Programs Issues in Housing Policy Trends in U.S. Housing Problems in Home Ownership Problems in Finding Affordable Rental Housing Other Factors Affecting Housing Homelessness Characteristics of the Homeless Population Trends in Homelessness Attempts to Address Homelessness Housing Reform 17. The Politics of Food Policy and Rural Life Hunger in the United States The Face of American Hunger Governmental Food Programs A Short History of Food Stamps and a Description of the Program Food Stamps: Who Is in the Program and What Does It Cost? Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Other Food Programs Have the Food Programs Worked? Farming in the United States Governmental Farm Policies The Face of U.S. Farming Farmworkers Who Are America's Farmworkers? Issues in American Farming The Corporatization of American Farming Sustainable Agriculture IV. THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IN PERSPECTIVE 18. The American Welfare State in International Perspective Typologies of Welfare States American Exceptionalism The Welfare State in Transition Ranking National Development The Weighted Index of Social Progress The Human Development Index Capability Poverty International Aid Global Capital The Future Glossary Index Table of Contents
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