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PART ONE Composing: An Overview Chapter 1 The Prewriting Process Reading for Writing James Joyce, “Eveline” Who Are My Readers? Analyze the Audience Prewriting Exercise Why Am I Writing? Reasons for Writing Prewriting Exercise What Ideas Should I Use? Reading and Thinking Critically Discovering and Developing Ideas Self-Questioning Directed Freewriting Problem Solving Clustering Figure 1-1 Directed Freewriting Figure 1-2 Clustering What Point Should I Make? Relate a Part to the Whole How Do I Find the Theme? Stating the Thesis Chapter 2 The Writing Process How Should I Organize My Ideas? Arguing Your Interpretation The Elements of Good Argument Building an Effective Argument Arranging the Ideas Chart 2-1 Checklist for Arguing an Interpretation Developing with Details Questions for Consideration Maintaining a Critical Focus Distinguishing Critical Comments from Plot Details How Should I Begin? Postpone If Nothing Comes Write an Appealing Opening State the Thesis How Should I End? Relate the Discussion to Theme Postpone or Write Ahead Write an Emphatic Final Sentence Composing the First Draft Pausing to Rescan Quoting from Your Sources Sample Student Paper: First Draft Chapter 3 Writing a Convincing Argument Interpreting and Arguing Identifying Issues Making Claims Using Evidence Using Reasoning Answering Opposing Views Organizing Your Argument Using the Inductive Approach Making a Counterargument Arguing Through Comparison Sample Student Essay Dagoberto Gilb, “Love in L. A.” Chapter 4 The Rewriting Process What Is Revision? Getting Feedback: Peer Review Revising in Peer Groups Chart 4-1 Peer Evaluation Checklist for Revision What Should I Add or Take Out? Outlining After the First Draft Making the Outline Checking the Outline Sample After-Writing Outline Examining the Sample Outline Outlining Exercise What Should I Rearrange? Does It Flow? What Is Editing? What Sentences Should I Combine? Chart 4-2 Transitional Terms for All Occasions Chart 4-3 Revising Checklist Combining for Conciseness Sentence Combining Exercise Rearranging for Emphasis and Variety Varying the Pattern Exercise on Style Which Words Should I Change? Check Your Verbs Use Active Voice Most of the Time Use Passive If Appropriate Exercise on Passive Voice Feel the Words Exercise on Word Choice Attend to Tone Use Formal Language What Is Proofreading? Try Reading It Backward Look for Your Typical Errors Read the Paper Aloud Find a Friend to Help Chart 4-4 Proofreading Checklist Sample Student Paper: Final Draft Chapter 5 Researched Writing Using Library Source in Your Writing Conducting Your Research Locating Sources Using the Online Catalog Using Indexes and Databases Using the Internet Chart 5-1 Internet Sources for Literature Evaluating Online Sources Using Reference Works in Print Working with Sources Taking Notes Using a Research Notebook Using the Printout/Photocopy Option Figure 5-1 Sample Entry from a Divided-Page Research Notebook Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Devising a Working Outline Writing a First Draft Organizing Your Notes Using Quotations and Paraphrases Integrating Sources Block Quotations Quoting from Primary Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Rewriting and Editing Documenting Your Sources Revising the Draft Formatting Your Paper Chart 5-2 Checklist for Revising and Editing Researched Writing Sample Documented Student Paper Sample Published Article Explanation of the MLA Documentation Style In-Text Citations Preparing the List of Works Cited Sample Entries for a List of Works Cited Citing Print Publications Citing Online Publications Citing Other Common Sources PART TWO Writing About Short Fiction Chapter 6 How Do I Read Short Fiction? Notice the Structure Consider Point of View and Setting Study the Characters Foils Look for Specialized Literary Techniques Examine the Title Investigate the Author’s Life and Times Continue Questioning to Discover Theme Chart 6-1 Critical Questions for Reading the Short Story Chapter 7 Writing About Structure What Is Structure? How Do I Discover Structure? Looking at Structure Tim O’Brien, “The Things They Carried” Prewriting Finding Patterns Writing Grouping Details Relating Details to Theme Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Rewriting Integrating Quotations Gracefully Exercise on Integrating Quotations Chapter 8 Writing About Imagery and Symbolism What Are Images? What Are Symbols? Archetypal Symbols Phallic and Yonic Symbols How Will I Recognize Symbols? Reference Works on Symbols Looking at Images and Symbols Shirley Jackson, “The Lottery” Prewriting Interpreting Symbols Writing Producing a Workable Thesis Exercise on Thesis Statements Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Rewriting Sharpening the Introduction Sample Student Paper on Symbolism: Second and Final Drafts Chapter 9 Writing About Point of View What Is Point of View? Describing Point of View Looking at Point of View Alice Walker, “Everyday Use” Prewriting Analyzing Point of View Writing Relating Point of View to Theme Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Rewriting Sharpening the Conclusion Chapter 10 Writing About Setting and Atmosphere What Are Setting and Atmosphere? Looking at Setting and Atmosphere Tobias Wolff, “Hunters in the Snow” Prewriting Examining the Elements of Setting Writing Discovering an Organization Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Rewriting Checking Your Organization Improving the Style: Balanced Sentences Sentence Modeling Exercise Chapter 11 Writing About Theme What Is Theme? Looking at Theme Flannery O'Connor, “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Prewriting Figuring Out the Theme Stating the Theme Writing Choosing Supporting Details Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Rewriting Achieving Coherence Checking for Coherence Editing Repeat Words and Synonyms Try Parallel Structure Casebook: Joyce Carol Oates’s “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” Joyce Carol Oates (1938- ) “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” The Story’s Origins Four Critical Interpretations Topics for Discussion and Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Anthology of Short Fiction Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) “The Birthmark” Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) “The Cask of Amontillado” Kate Chopin (1851-1904) “Désirée’s Baby” “The Story of an Hour” Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) “The Yellow Wallpaper” Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941) “Hands” Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980) “The Grave” Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) “Spunk” William Faulkner (1897-1962) “Barn Burning” Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) “Hills Like White Elephants” Langston Hughes (1902-1967) “Salvation” John Steinbeck (1902-1968) “The Chrysanthemums” Richard Wright (1908-1960) “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” Tillie Olsen (1913-2007) “I Stand Here Ironing” Hisaye Yamamoto (1921- ) “Seventeen Syllables” Rosario Morales (1930- ) “The Day It Happened” Chinua Achebe (1930- ) “Dead Men’s Path” Alice Munro (1931- ) “An Ounce of Cure” Andre Dubus (1956-1999) “The Fat Girl” Raymond Carver (1938-1988) “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love” Toni Cade Bambara (1939-1995) “The Lesson” Bharati Mukherjee (1940- ) “A Father” T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948- ) “The Love of My Life” Sandra Cisneros (1954- ) “Geraldo No Last Name” Louise Erdrich (1954- ) “The Red Convertible” Ha Jin (1956- ) “The Bridegroom” Katherine Min (1959- ) “Secondhand World” Julie Otsuka (1962- ) “Evacuation Order No. 19” Sherman Alexie (1966- ) “This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” A Portfolio of Science Fiction Stories Ray Bradbury (1920- ) “There Will Come Soft Rains” Ursula K. Le Guin (1929- ) “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006) “Speech Sounds” Kevin Brockmeier (1972- ) “The Year of Silence” Sample Student Paper: Comparing Dystopias A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical Stories Eudora Welty (1909-2001) “Why I Live at the P. O.” John Updike (1932-2009) “A & P” Margaret Atwood (1939- ) “Happy Endings” Ron Hansen (1947- ) “My Kid’s Dog” David Sedaris (1956- ) “Nuit of the Living Dead” A Portfolio of Graphic Stories Art Spiegelman (1948- ) “Time Flies” from Maus II Alison Bechdel (1960- ) “Fun Home” Marjane Satrapi (1969- ) “The Vegetable” from Persepolis 2 PART THREE Writing About Poetry Chapter 12 How Do I Read Poetry? Get the Literal Meaning First: Paraphrase Make Associations for Meaning Chart 12-1 Critical Questions for Reading Poetry Chapter 13 Writing About Persona and Tone Who Is Speaking? What Is Tone? Recognizing Verbal Irony Describing Tone Looking at Persona and Tone Theodore Roethke, “My Papa’s Waltz” W. D. Ehrhart, “The Sins of the Father” Thomas Hardy, “The Ruined Maid” W. H. Auden, “The Unknown Citizen” Edmund Waller, “Go, Lovely Rose” Dorothy Parker, “One Perfect Rose” Prewriting Asking Questions About the Speaker in “My Papa's Waltz” Devising a Thesis Considering the Speaker in “The Sins of the Father” Describing the Tone in “The Ruined Maid” Developing a Thesis Describing the Tone in “The Unknown Citizen” Formulating a Thesis Determining Tone in “Go, Lovely Rose” Discovering Tone in “One Perfect Rose” Writing Explicating and Analyzing Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Editing Quoting Poetry in Essays Sample Student Response on Persona and Tone Analyzing the Student Response Chapter 14 Writing About Poetic Language What Do the Words Suggest? Connotation and Denotation Figures of Speech Metaphor and Simile Personification Imagery Symbol Paradox Oxymoron Looking at Poetic Language Mary Oliver, “August” Walt Whitman, “A Noiseless Patient Spider” William Shakespeare, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?” Kay Ryan, “Turtle” Hayden Carruth, “In the Long Hall” Donald Hall, “My Son My Executioner” Prewriting Examining Poetic Language Writing Comparing and Contrasting Ideas for Writing Ideas for Responsive Writing Ideas for Critical Writing Ideas for Researched Writing Rewriting Choosing Vivid, Descriptive Terms Finding Lively Words Exercise on Diction Sample Student Paper on Poetic Language: Second and Final Drafts Comparison Exercise Chapter 15 Writing About Poetic Form What Are the Forms of Poetry? Rhythm and Rhyme Chart 15-1 Rhythm and Meter in Poetry Alliteration, Assonance, and Consonance Exercise on Poetic Form Stanzas: Closed and Open Form Poetic Syntax Visual Poetry Looking at the Forms of Poetry Gwendolyn Brooks, “We Real Cool” A. E. Housman, “Eight Table of Contents
Get Literature and the Writing Process, 10th Edition by Elizabeth McMahan, Deceased, Emerita, Illinois State University Susan X. Day, University of Houston Robert W. Funk, Eastern Illinois University Linda S. Coleman, Eastern Illinois University
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