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CONTENTS Additional Resources xliii Preface xlvii Acknowledgments liii The Romantics and Their Contemporaries Illustration: Thomas Girtin, Tintern Abbey 2 THE ROMANTIC PERIOD AT A GLANCE 3 INTRODUCTION 7 LITERATURE AND THE AGE: “NOUGHT WAS LASTING” 7 ROMANCE, ROMANTICISM, AND THE POWERS OF THE IMAGINATION 8 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND ITS REVERBERATIONS 14 Illustration: Thomas Rowlandson, after a drawing by Lord George Murray, The Contrast 16 THE MONARCHY 19 Illustration: Thomas Lawrence, Coronation Portrait of the Prince Regent (later, George IV) 20 INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND AND “NEVER-RESTING LABOUR” 21 CONSUMERS AND COMMODITIES 25 Color Plate 1: John Martin, The Bard Color Plate 2: Thomas Gainsborough, Mrs. Mary Robinson Color Plate 3: Thomas Phillips, Lord Byron Color Plate 4: Anonymous, Portrait of Olaudah Equiano Color Plate 5: J. M. W. Turner, Slavers Throwing the Dead and Dying Overboard, Typhoon Coming On Color Plate 6: William Blake, The Little Black Boy (second plate only) Color Plate 7: William Blake, The Little Black Boy (another version of #6) Color Plate 8: William Blake, The Tyger Color Plate 9: William Blake, The Sick Rose Color Plate 10: Joseph Wright, An Iron Forge Viewed from Without AUTHORSHIP, AUTHORITY, AND “ROMANTICISM” 27 POPULAR PROSE 30 Illustration: George Cruikshank, The Press 32 PERSPECTIVES The Sublime, the Beautiful, and the Picturesque 34 Illustration: Thomas Rowlandson, Dr. Syntax Sketching by the Lake 35 Illustration: Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Passage of the St. Gothard, 1804 36 EDMUND BURKE 37 from A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful 37 Illustration: Benjamin Robert Haydon, Study after the Elgin Marbles 38 IMMANUEL KANT 44 from The Critique of Judgement 44 WILLIAM GILPIN 47 Illustration: Edward Dayes, Tintern Abbey from across the Wye, 1794 48 from Three Essays on Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel, and on Sketching Landscape 48 Illustration: From William Gilpin’s Three Essays, 1792 51 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 52 from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 52 JANE AUSTEN 54 from Pride and Prejudice 54 from Northanger Abbey 55 MARIA JANE JEWSBURY 56 A Rural Excursion 57 ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD 61 The Mouse’s Petition to Dr. Priestley 62 On a Lady’s Writing 63 Inscription for an Ice-House 63 To a Little Invisible Being Who Is Expected Soon to Become Visible 64 To the Poor 65 Washing-Day 66 Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 68 RESPONSE John Wilson Croker: from A Review of Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 76h The First Fire 78 On the Death of the Princess Charlotte 80 CHARLOTTE SMITH 81 from ELEGIAC SONNETS AND OTHER POEMS 82 To the Moon 82 “Sighing I see yon little troop at play” 82 Illustration: Charlotte Smith, engraving for Sonnet IV, “To the Moon” 83 To melancholy. Written on the banks of the Arun October, 1785 84 Far on the sands 84 To tranquillity 84 Written in the church-yard at Middleton in Sussex 85 On being cautioned against walking on an headland overlooking the sea 85 The sea view 86 The Dead Beggar 86 The Emigrants, Book 1 87 from Beachy Head 99 PERSPECTIVES The Rights of Man and the Revolution Controversy 104 HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS 104 from Letters Written in France, in the Summer of 1790 105 EDMUND BURKE 109 from Reflections on the Revolution in France 109 Illustration: James Gillray, Smelling out a Rat; —— or The Atheistical Revolutionist disturbed in his Midnight Calculations 110 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 118 from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 119 Letter to Joseph Johnson, from Paris, December 27, 1792 127 THOMAS PAINE 127 from The Rights of Man 128 HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS 134 from Letters from France, 1796 134 WILLIAM GODWIN 140 from An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness 140 THE ANTI-JACOBIN, OR WEEKLY EXAMINER 145 The Friend of Humanity and the Knife-Grinder 146 The Widow 146 Illustration: James Gillray, illustration to The Friend of Humanity and the Knife-Grinder 147 HANNAH MORE 148 Village Politics 149 ARTHUR YOUNG 156 from Travels in France During the Years 1787–1788, and 1789 157 from The Example of France, a Warning to Britain 158 WILLIAM BLAKE 161 All Religions Are One (Web) There Is No Natural Religion [a] (Web) There Is No Natural Religion [b] (Web) SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE 163 Illustration: William Blake, frontispiece for Songs of Innocence 164 from Songs of Innocence 165 Introduction 165 The Shepherd 165 The Ecchoing Green 165 The Lamb 166 Illustration: William Blake, The Lamb 167 The Little Black Boy 167 The Blossom 168 The Chimney Sweeper 168 Illustration: William Blake, The Little Boy lost 169 The Little Boy lost 169 Illustration: William Blake, The Little Boy found 170 The Little Boy found 170 The Divine Image 170 HOLY THURSDAY 171 Nurses Song 171 Infant Joy 172 A Dream 172 On Anothers Sorrow 173 COMPANION READING Charles Lamb: from The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers (Web) from Songs of Experience 174 Introduction 174 EARTH’S Answer 174 The CLOD & the PEBBLE 175 HOLY THURSDAY 175 The Little Girl Lost 176 The Little Girl Found 177 THE Chimney Sweeper 179 NURSES Song 179 The SICK ROSE 179 Illustration: William Blake, THE Chimney Sweeper 180 Illustration: William Blake, THE FLY 181 THE FLY 181 The Angel 182 The Tyger 182 My Pretty ROSE TREE 183 AH! SUN-FLOWER 183 The GARDEN of LOVE 183 LONDON 184 The Human Abstract 184 INFANT SORROW 185 A Little BOY Lost 185 Illustration: William Blake, A POISON TREE 186 A Little GIRL Lost 186 The School-Boy 187 A DIVINE IMAGE 188 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 188 Visions of the Daughters of Albion 202 Illustration: William Blake, Plate i from Visions of the Daughters of Albion 202 Illustration: William Blake, Plate 8, from Visions of the Daughters of Albion 208 LETTERS 209 To Dr. John Trusler (23 August 1799) 209 To Thomas Butts (22 November 1802) 211 PERSPECTIVES The Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Trade 214 OLAUDAH EQUIANO 215 from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 216 MARY PRINCE 224 from The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave 225 THOMAS BELLAMY 229 The Benevolent Planters 229 JOHN NEWTON 235 Amazing Grace! 236 ANN CROMARTIE YEARSLEY 236 from A Poem on the Inhumanity of the Slave-Trade 237 WILLIAM COWPER 241 Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce 242 The Negro’s Complaint 243 ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD 244 Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq., On the Rejection of the Bill for Abolishing the Slave Trade 245 HANNAH MORE AND EAGLESFIELD SMITH 247 The Sorrows of Yamba 248 ROBERT SOUTHEY 253 from Poems Concerning the Slave-Trade 253 DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 257 from The Grasmere Journals 257 THOMAS CLARKSON 257 from The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament 258 Illustration: Packing methods on a slave ship 264 WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 266 To Toussaint L’Ouverture 266 To Thomas Clarkson 267 from The Prelude 267 from Humanity 268 Letter to Mary Ann Rawson (May 1833) 269 THE EDINBURGH REVIEW 269 from Abstract of the Information laid on the Table of the House of Commons, on the Subject of the Slave Trade 270 GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 272 from Detached Thoughts 272 MARY ROBINSON 273 Ode to Beauty 274 January, 1795 275 from Sappho and Phaon, in a Series of Legitimate Sonnets 276 III. The Bower of Pleasure 277 IV. Sappho discovers her Passion 277 VII. Invokes Reason 277 XI. Rejects the Influence of Reason 278 XII. Previous to her Interview with Phaon 278 XVIII. To Phaon 278 XXX. Bids farewell to Lesbos 279 XXXVII. Foresees her Death 279 The Camp 279 The Haunted Beach 281 London’s Summer Morning 282 The Old Beggar 284 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 286 Illustration: Portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft 286 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 288 from To M. Talleyrand-Périgord, Late Bishop of Autun 288 Introduction 290 from Chapter 1. The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind Considered 293 from Chapter 2. The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed 295 from Chapter 3. The Same Subject Continued 304 from Chapter 5. Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt 308 from Chapter 13. Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance of Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the Moral Improvement That a Revolution in Female Manners Might Naturally Be Expected to Produce 308 RESPONSES Anna Letitia Barbauld, The Rights of Woman 310 Ann Yearsley, The Indifferent Shepherdess to Colin 311 Robert Southey, To Mary Wollstonecraft 312 William Blake, from Mary 313h from The Wrongs of Woman, or Maria (Web) PERSPECTIVES The Wollstonecraft Controversy and the Rights of Women 315 CATHARINE MACAULAY 315 from Letters on Education 316 RICHARD POLWHELE 318 from The Unsex’d Females 319 PRISCILLA BELL WAKEFIELD (Web) from Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex (Web) MARY ANN RADCLIFFE (Web) from The Female Advocate (Web) HANNAH MORE 323 from Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education 324 MARY LAMB 327 Letter to The British Lady’s Magazine 328 WILLIAM THOMPSON AND ANNA WHEELER 332 from Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil and Domestic Slavery 333 JOANNA BAILLIE 339 Plays on the Passions 340 from Introductory Discourse 340 London 345 A Mother to Her Waking Infant 346 A Child to His Sick Grandfather 347 Thunder 348 Song: Woo’d and Married and A’ 350 LITERARY BALLADS 351 RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY 352 Sir Patrick Spence 353 JAMES MACPHERSON 354 Carric-Thura: A Poem 355 ROBERT BURNS 358 To a Mouse 359 To a Louse 360 Flow gently, sweet Afton 361 Ae fond kiss 362 Comin’ Thro’ the Rye (1) 363 Comin’ Thro’ the Rye (2) 363 Scots, wha hae wi’ Wallace bled 364 Is there for honest poverty 365 RESPONSE Charlotte Smith, To the shade of Burns 366h A Red, Red Rose 366 Auld Lang Syne 367 The Fornicator. A New Song 368 THOMAS MOORE 369 The harp that once through Tara’s halls 369 Believe me, if all those endearing young charms 370 The time I’ve lost in wooing 370 WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 371 LYRICAL BALLADS (1798) 373 Simon Lee 373 Anecdote for Fathers 376 We are seven 377 Lines written in early spring 379 The Thorn 380 Note to The Thorn (1800) 386 Expostulation and Reply 387 The Tables Turned 388 Old Man Travelling 389 Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey 390 LYRICAL BALLADS (1800, 1802) 394 from Preface 394 [The Principal Object of the Poems. Humble and Rustic Life] 395 [“The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful Feelings”] 396 [The Language of Poetry] 397 [What is a Poet?] 400 [The Function of Metre] 403 [“Emotion Recollected in Tranquillity”] 404 “There was a Boy” 407 “Strange fits of passion have I known” 407 Song (“She dwelt among th’ untrodden ways”) 408 “A slumber did my spirit seal” 409 Lucy Gray 409 Poor Susan 411 Nutting 411 “Three years she grew in sun and shower” 413 The Old Cumberland Beggar 414 Michael 418 RESPONSES Francis Jeffrey: [“the new poetry”] 429 Charles Lamb: from a letter to William Wordsworth 433 Charles Lamb: from a letter to Thomas Manning 434h SONNETS, 1802–1807 435 Prefatory Sonnet (“Nuns fret not at their Convent’s narrow room”) 435 Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802 436 “The world is too much with us” 436 “It is a beauteous Evening” 436 “I griev’d for Buonaparte” 437 London, 1802 437 THE PRELUDE, OR GROWTH OF A POET’S MIND 438 Book First. Introduction, Childhood, and School time 439 from Book Second. School time continued 454 [Two Consciousnesses] 454 [Blessed Infant Babe] 454 from Book Fourth. Summer Vacation 456 [A Simile for Autobiography] 456 [Encounter with a “Dismissed” Soldier] 457 from Book Fifth. Books 460 [Meditation on Books. The Dream of the Arab] 460 [A Drowning in Esthwaite’s Lake] 463 [“The Mystery of Words”] 464 from Book Sixth. Cambridge, and the Alps 464 [The Pleasure of Geometric Science] 464 [Arrival in France] 466 [Travelling in the Alps. Simplon Pass] 468 from Book Seventh. Residence in London 471 [A Blind Beggar. Bartholomew Fair] 471 from Book Ninth. Residence in France 475 [Paris] 475 [Revolution, Royalists, and Patriots] 479 from Book Tenth. Residence in France and French Revolution 481 [The Reign of Terror. Confusion. Return to England] 481 [Further Events in France] 484 [The Death of Robespierre and Renewed Optimism] 486 [Britain Declares War on France. The Rise of Napoleon and Imperialist France] 488 from The Prelude 1850 490 [Apostrophe to Edmund Burke] 490 from Book Eleventh. Imagination, How Impaired and Restored 491 [Imagination Restored by Nature] 491 [“Spots of Time.” Two Memories from Childhood and Later Reflections] 492 from Book Thirteenth. Conclusion 496 [Climbing Mount Snowdon. Moonlit Vista. Meditation on “Mind,” “Self,” “Imagination,” “Fear,” and “Love”] 496 [Concluding Retrospect and Prophecy] 501 RESPONSE Samuel Taylor Coleridge: To a Gentleman 503h “I travell’d among unknown Men” 506 Resolution and Independence 506 RESPONSE Lewis Carroll: Upon the Lonely Moor 510h “I wandered lonely as a Cloud” 512 “My heart leaps up” 513 Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood 513 The Solitary Reaper 519 Elegiac Stanzas (“Peele Castle”) 520 RESPONSE Mary Shelley: On Reading Wordsworth’s Lines on Peele Castle 521h “Surprized by joy” 522 The Excursion 523 “Scorn not the Sonnet” 524 Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg 524 DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 525 Grasmere—A Fragment 527 Address to a Child 529 Irregular Verses 530 Floating Island 533 Lines Intended for My Niece’s Album 534 Thoughts on My Sick-bed 535 When Shall I Tread Your Garden Path? 536 Lines Written (Rather Say Begun) on the Morning of Sunday April 6th 537 from The Grasmere Journals 538 [Home Alone] 538 [A Leech Gatherer] 539 [A Woman Beggar] 540 [An Old Sailor] 540 [The Grasmere Mailman] 541 [A Vision of the Moon] 541 [A Field of Daffodils] 542 [A Beggar Woman from Cockermouth] 542 [The Circumstances of “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”] 543 [The Circumstances of “It is a beauteous Evening”] 543 [The Household in Winter, with William’s New Wife. Gingerbread] 544 LETTERS 544 To Jane Pollard [A Scheme of Happiness] 544 To Lady Beaumont [A Gloomy Christmas] 545 To Lady Beaumont [Her Poetry, William’s Poetry] 547 To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [Household Labors] 548 To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [A Prospect of Publishing] 549 To William Johnson [Mountain-Climbing with a Woman] 549 RESPONSES Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from A letter to Joseph Cottle 552 Thomas De Quincey: from Recollections of the Lake Poets 553 SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE 557 Sonnet to the River Otter 558 COMPANION READING William Lisle Bowles: To the River Itchin, Near Winton 559h The Eolian Harp 559 This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison 561 Frost at Midnight 563 from The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798) 565 Part 1 565 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1817) 567 COMPANION READINGS William Cowper: The Castaway 583 Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from Table Talk 584h Christabel 585 COMPANION READING Mary Elizabeth Coleridge: The Witch 601h Kubla Khan 602 RESPONSE Mary Robinson: To the Poet Coleridge 604h The Pains of Sleep 606 Dejection: An Ode 607 LETTERS 611 To William Godwin 611 To Thomas Poole 612 On Donne’s Poetry 613 Work Without Hope 613 Constancy to an Ideal Object 614 Epitaph 614 from The Statesman’s Manual 615 [Symbol and Allegory] 615 from The Friend 615 [My Ghost-Theory] 615 Biographia Literaria 616 Chapter 4 617 [Wordsworth’s Earlier Poetry] Chapter 11 618 [The Profession of Literature] Chapter 13 619 [Imagination and Fancy] Chapter 14 622 [Occasion of the Lyrical Ballads—Preface to the Second Edition—The Ensuing Controversy] [Philosophic Definitions of a Poem and Poetry] Chapter 17 625 [Examination of the Tenets Peculiar to Mr. Wordsworth. Rustic Life and Poetic Language] Chapter 22 628 [Defects of Wordsworth’s Poetry] from Lectures on Shakespeare 629 [Mechanic vs. Organic Form] 629 [The Character of Hamlet] 630 [Stage Illusion and the Willing Suspension of Disbelief] 631 [Shakespeare’s Images] 632 [Othello] 633 * COLERIDGE’ S “LECTURES” AND THEIR TIME Shakespeare in the Nineteenth Century 634 Charles Lamb [and Mary Lamb] Preface to Tales from Shakespear 635 Charles Lamb from On the Tragedies of Shakspeare 636 William Hazlitt from Lectures on the English Poets 639 • The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays 640 Thomas De Quincey On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth 640 * GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 644 She walks in beauty 646 So, we’ll go no more a-roving 647 Manfred 647 Illustration: Ford Madox Brown, Manfred on the Jungfrau, 1840 655 * “MANFRED” AND ITS TIME The Byronic Hero 683 Byron’s Earlier Heroes from The Giaour 684 • from The Corsair 685 from Lara 685 • Prometheus 686 • from Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto the Third [Napoleon Buonaparte] 687 Samuel Taylor Coleridge from The Statesman’s Manual [“Satanic Pride and Rebellious Self-Idolatry”] 689 Caroline Lamb from Glenarvon 690 Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley from Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus 692 Felicia Hemans from The Widow of Crescentius 694 Percy Bysshe Shelley from Preface to Prometheus Unbound 695 • from Prometheus Unbound, Act 1 695 Robert Southey from Preface to A Vision of Judgement 697 George Gordon, Lord Byron from The Vision of Judgment 698 * CHILDE HAROLD’S PILGRIMAGE 699 from Canto the Third 699 [Waterloo Fields] 699 [Thunderstorm in the Alps] 704 [Byron’s Strained Idealism. Apostrophe to His Daughter] 705 from Canto the Fourth 707 [Rome. Political Hopes] 707 [The Coliseum. The Dying Gladiator] 709 [Apostrophe to the Ocean. Conclusion] 711 RESPONSES John Wilson: from a review of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 713 John Scott: [Lord Byron’s Creations] 714h DON JUAN 715 Dedication 716 Canto 1 720 from Canto 2 [Shipwreck Juan and Haidée] (Web) from Canto 3 [Juan and Haidée The Poet for Hire] (Web) from Canto 7 [Critique of Military “Glory”] (Web) from Canto 11 [Juan in England] (Web) Stanzas (“When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home”) 767 On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year 767 LETTERS 768 To Thomas Moore [On Childe Harold Canto III] (28 January 1817) 768 To John Murray [On Don Juan] (6 April 1819) 769 To John Murray [On Don Juan] (12 August 1819) 770 To Douglas Kinnaird [On Don Juan] (26 October 1819) 771 To John Murray [On Don Juan] (16 February 1821) 773 PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 773 To Wordsworth 775 Mont Blanc 776 Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 780 Ozymandias 782 Sonnet: “Lift not the painted veil” 782 Sonnet: England in 1819 783 The Mask of Anarchy 783 RESPONSE Leigh Hunt: Introduction to The Mask of Anarchy (Web) h Ode to the West Wind 794 To a Sky-Lark 796 RESPONSE Thomas Hardy: Shelley’s Skylark (Web) h To—(“Music, when soft voices die”) 798 Adonais 799 RESPONSES George Gordon, Lord Byron: from Don Juan 814 George Gordon, Lord Byron: Letter to Percy Bysshe Shelley (26 April 1821) 815 George Gordon, Lord Byron: Letter to John Murray (30 July 1821) 815h The Cloud 816 from Hellas 818 Chorus (“Worlds on worlds are rolling ever”) 818 Chorus (“The world’s great age begins anew”) 820 With a Guitar, to Jane 821 To Jane (“The keen stars”) 824 The Cenci (Web) Julian and Maddalo (Web) The Sensitive Plant (Web) Letter to Maria Gisborne (Web) RESPONSE? Mary Shelley: Introductions to the Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley (1824, 1839) (Web) h from A Defence of Poetry 824 FELICIA HEMANS 835 Illustration: Edward Smith, after a painting by Edward Robinson, Portrait of Felicia Hemans 836 from TALES, AND HISTORIC SCENES, IN VERSE 836 The Wife of Asdrubal 836 The Last Banquet of Antony and Cleopatra 838 Evening Prayer, at a Girls’ School 842 Casabianca 844 from RECORDS OF WOMAN, WITH OTHER POEMS 845 The Bride of the Greek Isle 845 Properzia Rossi 850 Indian Woman’s Death-Song 854 Joan of Arc, in Rheims 855 The Homes of England 858 The Graves of a Household 859 Corinne at the Capitol 860 Woman and Fame 861 RESPONSES Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of Felicia Hemans’s Poetry 862 William Wordsworth: from Prefatory Note to Extempore Effusion 865h JOHN CLARE 866 Written in November (manuscript) 867 Written in November 868 Songs Eternity 868 [The Lament of Swordy Well] 870 [The Mouse’s Nest] 874 Clock a Clay 875 “I Am” 875 The Mores 876 JOHN KEATS 878 Illustration: Charles Brown, Portrait of John Keats, 1819 879 On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer; from Leigh Hunt, “Young Poets” (Examiner, 1 December 1816) 880 COMPANION READINGS Alexander Pope: from Homer’s Iliad 883 George Chapman: from Homer’s Iliad 883 Alexander Pope: from Homer’s Odyssey 883 George Chapman: from Homer’s Odyssey 884h “To one who has been long in city pent” 884 On the Grasshopper and Cricket 884 from Sleep and Poetry 885 RESPONSE Z. [John Gibson Lockhart]: from On the Cockney School of Poetry 887 John Gibson Lockhart: from The Cockney School of Poetry No. IV 890h On Seeing the Elgin Marbles 892 On sitting down to read King Lear once again 892 Sonnet: When I have fears 893 The Eve of St. Agnes 894 La Belle Dame sans Merci (letter text) 904 La Belle Dame sans Mercy, with Leigh Hunt’s Preface (The Indicator 1820) 906 Incipit altera Sonneta (“If by dull rhymes”) 908 THE ODES OF 1819 908 Ode to Psyche 909 Ode to a Nightingale 911 Ode on a Grecian Urn 913 Ode on Indolence 915 Ode on Melancholy 917 To Autumn 918 Lamia 919 The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream 936 “This living hand” 949 “Bright Star” 949 LETTERS 950 To Benjamin Bailey [“The Truth of Imagination”] (22 November 1817) 950 To George and Thomas Keats [“Intensity” and “Negative Capability”] (December 1817) 951 To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth and “The Whims of an Egotist”] (3 February 1818) 952 To John Taylor [“A Few Axioms”] (27 February 1818) 953 To Benjamin Bailey [“Ardent Pursuit”] (13 May 1818) 953 To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth, Milton, and “Dark Passages”] (3 May 1818) 954 To Benjamin Bailey [“I Have Not a Right Feeling Towards Women”] (18 July 1818) 957 To Richard Woodhouse [The “Camelion Poet” vs. The “Egotistical Sublime”] (27 October 1818) 957 To George and Georgiana Keats [“indolence,” “poetry” vs. “philosophy,” the “vale of Soul-Making”] (Spring 1819) 959 To Fanny Brawne [“You Take Possession of Me”] (25 July 1819) 963 To Percy Bysshe Shelley [“An Artist Must Serve Mammon”] (16 August 1820) 964 To Charles Brown [Keats’s Last Letter] (30 November 1820) 965 SIR WALTER SCOTT 966 Illustration: The Author of Waverley 967 Lord Randall 967 The Two Drovers 968 PERSPECTIVES Popular Prose and the Problems of Authorship 988 SIR WALTER SCOTT (Web) Introduction to Tales of My Landlord (Web) CHARLES LAMB 989 Oxford in the Vacation 990 Dream Children 994 Old China 996 WILLIAM HAZLITT 1000 On Gusto 1001 My First Acquaintance with Poets 1003 THOMAS DE QUINCEY 1016 from Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (Web) [“What is it that we mean by literature?”] 1017 JANE AUSTEN 1019 from Northanger Abbey, Chapter 1 1020 MARIA JANE JEWSBURY 1023 The Young Author 1023 WILLIAM COBBETT 1027 from Rural Rides 1027 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY 1030 The Swiss Peasant 1031 The Victorian Age Illustration: Gustave Doré, Ludgate Hill 1044 THE VICTORIAN AGE AT A GLANCE 1045 INTRODUCTION 1049 VICTORIA AND THE VICTORIANS 1049 Illustration: Sunlight Soap advertisement commemorating the 1897 Jubilee of Victoria’s reign 1050 THE AGE OF ENERGY AND INVENTION 1052 Illustration: Robert Howlett, Portrait of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Launching Chains of the Great Eastern, 1857 1053 THE AGE OF DOUBT 1055 Illustration: The Crystal Palace 1058 THE AGE OF REFORM 1059 THE AGE OF EMPIRE 1063 Illustration: “The Formula of British Conquest,” Pears’ Soap advertisement 1065 THE AGE OF READING 1066 Color Plate 11: Sir John Everett Millais, Mariana Color Plate 12: William Holman Hunt, The Awakening Conscience Color Plate 13: Ford Madox Brown, Work Color Plate 14: Augustus Egg, Past and Present, No. 1 Color Plate 15: Augustus Egg, Past and Present, No. 3 Color Plate 16: William Morriss, Guenevere, or La Belle Iseult Color Plate 17: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel Color Plate 18: James McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket Color Plate 19: John Williams Waterhouse, The Lady of Shalott Color Plate 20: Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Love Among the Ruins THE AGE OF SELF-SCRUTINY 1068 Illustration: Cartoon from Punch magazine, 1867 1068 THOMAS CARLYLE 1074 Illustration: Julia Margaret Cameron, Thomas Carlyle, 1867 1075 Past and Present 1076 Midas [The Condition of England] 1076 from Gospel of Mammonism [The Irish Widow] 1079 from Labour [Know Thy Work] 1080 from Democracy [Liberty to Die by Starvation] 1081 Captains of Industry 1083 PERSPECTIVES The Industrial Landscape 1088 Illustration: John Leech, Horseman pursued by a train engine named “Time” 1089 THE STEAM LOOM WEAVER 1090 FANNY KEMBLE 1091 from Record of a Girlhood 1091 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1092 from A Review of Southey’s Colloquies 1092 PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS (“BLUE BOOKS”) 1094 Testimony of Hannah Goode, a Child Textile Worker 1095 Testimony of Ann and Elizabeth Eggley, Child Mineworkers 1095 CHARLES DICKENS 1097 from Dombey and Son 1097 from Hard Times 1098 BENJAMIN DISRAELI 1100 from Sybil 1100 FRIEDRICH ENGELS 1101 from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 1101 Illustration: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, Catholic Town in 1440 /Same Town in 1840 1103 HENRY MAYHEW 1108 from London Labour and the London Poor 1108 Illustration: The Boy Crossing-Sweepers 1112 JOHN STUART MILL 1113 On Liberty 1115 from Chapter 2. Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion 1115 from Chapter 3. Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being 1117 The Subjection of Women 1121 from Chapter 1 1121 Statement Repudiating the Rights of Husbands 1129 Autobiography 1129 from Chapter 1. Childhood, and Early Education 1129 from Chapter 5. A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage Onward 1132 ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 1138 The Cry of the Children 1140 To George Sand: A Desire 1144 To George Sand: A Recognition 1144 A Year’s Spinning (Web) Sonnets from the Portuguese 1145 1 (“I thought once how Theocritus had sung”) 1145 13 (“And wilt thou have me fashion into speech”) 1145 14 (“If thou must love me, let it be for nought”) 1145 21 (“Say over again, and yet once over again”) 1146 22 (“When our two souls stand up erect and strong”) 1146 24 (“Let the world’s sharpness, like a clasping knife”) 1147 28 (“My letters! all dead paper, mute and white!”) 1147 32 (“The first time that the sun rose on thine oath”) 1147 38 (“First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”) 1148 43 (“How do I love thee? Let me count the ways”) 1148 The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point 1148 Aurora Leigh 1155 Book 1 1155 [Self-Portrait] 1155 Illustration: Elizabeth Barrett Browning, frontispiece of Aurora Leigh 1156 [Her Mother’s Portrait] 1157 [Aurora’s Education] 1158 [Discovery of Poetry] (Web) Book 2 1162 [Woman and Artist] 1162 [No Female Christ] 1165 [Aurora’s Rejection of Romney] 1166 Book 3 1170 [The Woman Writer in London] 1170 Book 5 1171 [Epic Art and Modern Life] 1171 from A Curse for a Nation (Web) A Musical Instrument 1174 The Best Thing in the World (Web) ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON 1175 Illustration: Max Beerbohm, Tennyson Reading “In Memoriam” to his Sovereign, 1904 1178 The Kraken 1178 Mariana 1179 The Lady of Shalott 1181 Illustration: William Holman Hunt, The Lady of Shalott 1182 The Lotos-Eaters 1185 Ulysses 1189 Tithonus 1191 Break, Break, Break 1193 The Epic [Morte d’Arthur] 1194 The Eagle: A Fragment (Web) Locksley Hall 1196 from THE PRINCESS 1201 Sweet and Low (Web) The Splendour Falls 1201 Tears, Idle Tears 1202 Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 1202 Come Down, O Maid (Web) [The Woman’s Cause Is Man’s] 1203 from In Memoriam A. H. H. 1204 The Charge of the Light Brigade 1235 Idylls of the King 1237 The Coming of Arthur 1237 Pelleas and Ettarre (Web) The Passing of Arthur 1247 The Higher Pantheism 1257 RESPONSE Algernon Charles Swinburne: The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell 1258h Flower in the Crannied Wall (Web) Crossing the Bar 1259 EDWARD FITZGERALD (Web) The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám of Naishápúr (Web) CHARLES DARWIN 1260 Illustration: Linley Sambourne, Man is But a Worm 1261 The Voyage of the Beagle 1262 from Chapter 10. Tierra Del Fuego 1262 Illustration: Thomas Landseer, after a drawing by C. Martens, A Fuegian at Portrait Cove 1263 from Chapter 17. Galapagos Archipelago 1269 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1272 from Chapter 3. Struggle for Existence 1272 The Descent of Man 1277 from Chapter 21. General Summary and Conclusion 1277 from Autobiography 1283 PERSPECTIVES Religion and Science 1291 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1292 from Lord Bacon 1292 CHARLES DICKENS 1293 from Sunday Under Three Heads 1293 DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS 1296 from The Life of Jesus Critically Examined 1296 CHARLOTTE BRONTË 1299 from Jane Eyre 1299 ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH 1301 Epi-strauss-ium 1301 The Latest Decalogue 1302 from Dipsychus 1302 JOHN WILLIAM COLENSO 1303 from The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined 1304 JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1305 from Apologia Pro Vita Sua 1305 THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY 1313 from Evolution and Ethics 1313 SIR EDMUND GOSSE 1317 from Father and Son 1317 ROBERT BROWNING 1322 Illustration: Julia Margaret Cameron, Robert Browning, 1866 1322 Porphyria’s Lover 1325 Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 1326 My Last Duchess 1328 How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 1330 Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 1331 Home-Thoughts, from the Sea 1332 The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed’s Church 1332 Meeting at Night 1335 Parting at Morning 1336 A Toccata of Galuppi’s 1336 Memorabilia 1337 Love Among the Ruins 1338 “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came” 1340 RESPONSE Stevie Smith: Childe Rolandine 1346h Fra Lippo Lippi 1347 The Last Ride Together 1355 Andrea del Sarto 1358 Two in the Campagna (Web) A Woman’s Last Word 1364 Caliban Upon Setebos 1366 Epilogue to Asolando 1372 CHARLES DICKENS 1373 A Christmas Carol 1376 Illustration: Hablot K. Browne, Mr Scrooge Extinguishing the Spirit 1399 from A Walk in a Workhouse 1425 COMPANION READINGS Dickens at Work: Recollections by His Children and Friends (Web) Kate Field: Dickens Giving a Reading of A Christmas Carol 1430 h POPULAR SHORT FICTION 1431 ELIZABETH GASKELL 1432 Our Society at Cranford 1432 THOMAS HARDY 1447 The Withered Arm 1448 SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE 1466 A Scandal in Bohemia 1467 Illustration: Sidney Paget, Good-night Mr Sherlock Holmes 1480 EMILY BRONTË 1482 “High waving heather ’neath stormy blasts bending” 1484 “The night is darkening round me” 1484 “And first an hour of mournful musing” 1485 “I’m happiest when most away” 1485 “There are two trees in a lonely field” 1485 Stanzas 1485 Plead for me 1486 Stars 1487 The Prisoner (A Fragment) 1488 Remembrance 1490 “No coward soul is mine” 1491 JOHN RUSKIN 1492 Modern Painters 1493 from Definition of Greatness in Art 1493 from Of Water, As Painted by Turner 1494 The Stones of Venice 1495 from The Nature of Gothic 1495 Illustration: John Ruskin, Windows of the Early Gothic Palaces 1496 The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century 1505 Praeterita (Web) Preface (Web) from The Springs of Wandel (Web) from Herne-Hill Almond Blossoms (Web) from Schaffhausen and Milan (Web) from The Grande Chartreuse (Web) from Joanna’s Care (Web) FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1510 from Cassandra 1511 PERSPECTIVES Victorian Ladies and Gentlemen 1520 Illustration: The Parliamentary Female, from Punch magazine, 1853 1521 FRANCES POWER COBBE 1522 from Life of Frances Power Cobbe As Told by Herself 1522 SARAH STICKNEY ELLIS 1525 from The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits 1525 CHARLOTTE BRONTË 1528 from Letter to Emily Brontë 1528 Illustration: Richard Redgrave, The Poor Teacher, 1844 1529 ANNE BRONTË 1529 from Agnes Grey 1530 JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1531 from The Idea of a University 1531 CAROLINE NORTON 1532 from A Letter to the Queen 1533 GEORGE ELIOT 1535 Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft 1535 THOMAS HUGHES 1540 from Tom Brown’s School Days 1540 ISABELLA BEETON 1542 from The Book of Household Management 1542 JOHN RUSKIN 1544 from Sesame and Lilies 1544 Of Queens’ Gardens 1544 QUEEN VICTORIA 1547 Letters and Journal Entries on the Position of Women 1547 Illustration: Edwin Landseer, Windsor Castle in Modern Times, 1841–1845 1549 SARAH GRAND 1552 from The New Aspect of the Woman Question 1552 SIR HENRY NEWBOLT 1553 Vitaï Lampada 1554 MONA CAIRD 1554 from Does Marriage Hinder a Woman’s Self-Development? 1555 RUDYARD KIPLING 1556 If 1556 MATTHEW ARNOLD 1557 Illustration: Matthew Arnold and his wife Frances Wightman Arnold 1557 Isolation. To Marguerite 1560 To Marguerite—Continued 1561 Dover Beach 1562 RESPONSE Anthony Hecht: The Dover Bitch 1563h Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 1564 The Buried Life 1565 Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 1567 The Scholar-Gipsy 1572 East London 1578 West London 1579 Thyrsis 1579 from The Function of Criticism at the Present Time 1585 from Culture and Anarchy 1595 from Sweetness and Light 1595 from Doing as One Likes 1597 from Hebraism and Hellenism 1600 from Porro Unum Est Necessarium 1601 from Conclusion 1603 from The Study of Poetry 1604 DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI 1611 The Blessed Damozel 1612 The Woodspurge 1615 The House of Life 1616 The Sonnet 1616 4. Lovesight 1616 6. The Kiss 1617 Nuptial Sleep 1617 The Burden of Nineveh 1618 Jenny 1622 RESPONSES Augusta Webster: from A Castaway 1633 Thomas Hardy: The Ruined Maid 1642 h CHRISTINA ROSSETTI 1642 Song (“She sat and sang alway”) 1644 Song (“When I am dead, my dearest”) 1644 Remember 1645 After Death 1645 A Pause 1645 Echo 1646 Table of Contents
Get Longman Anthology of British Literature, Volumes 2A, 2B, and 2C, The, 4th Edition by David Damrosch, Harvard University Kevin J. H. Dettmar, Pomona College Christopher Baswell, Barnard College Clare Carroll, Queens College, City University of New York Andrew David Hadfield, University of Sussex Heather Henderson, Barnard College
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