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Each chapter concludes with “Summary” and “References.” Preface I. OVERVIEW. 1. Introduction to Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development. Career Development at a Crossroads History of Vocational Guidance and Career Development The Need for Career Development Services High School Students and Need Displaced Persons In Summary Education and Work: Out of Poverty The Language of Career Development Defining Position, Job, Occupation, Career, and Career Development Career Interventions Defined Organizations and Publications The Meaning of Work Why People Work The Future of Work II. CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION WITH DIVERSE GROUPS. 2. Trait-and-Factor and Developmental Theories of Career Choice and Development and Their Applications. The Purposes and Evaluation of Theory A History of Career Development Theorizing Introduction to the Theories Trait-and-Factor Theories Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) A Values-Based Theory of Occupational Choice Variables That Influence Career Choice and Satisfaction Propositions of Brown’s Values-Based Theory Developmental Theories Super’s Life Span, Life Space Theory Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise 3. Learning Theory—Based, Postmodern, Socioeconomic, and Decision-Making Theories and Their Applications. Theories Based in Learning Theory Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory A Social Cognitive Perspective A Career Information—Processing Model of Career Choice Postmodern Theories A Contextualist Theory of Career Complexity, Chaos, and Nonlinear Dynamics: A Chaos Theory of Career Development and Spirituality Postmodern Career Counseling A Second Approach to Postmodern Career Counseling: Solution-Focused Brief Career Counseling (SFBCC) Socioeconomic Theories Status Attainment Theory Dual Labor Market Theory Race, Gender, and Career Theories of Decision Making Status and Use of Decision-Making Theories 4. A Values-Based, Multicultural Approach to Career Counseling and Advocacy Career Counseling Defined. Foundation of the Values-Based Approach Values-Based Multicultural Career Counseling (VBMCC) Step 1: Assessing Cultural Variables Step 2: Communication Style and Establishing the Relationship Step 3: Facilitation the Decision-Making Process Step 4: The Identifications of Career Issues (Assessment) Steps 5 and 6: The Establishment of Culturally Appropriate Goals and the Selection of Culturally Appropriate Interventions Step 7: The Implementation and Evaluation of the Interventions Used Step 8: Advocacy Application of the Model to Group Career Counseling Developing Your Own Theory 5. Clients with Special Needs. Individuals with Disabilities Career Counseling for Individuals with Disabilities Career Counseling for Individuals with Mental Illness Women in the Workforce Career Counseling for Women Displaced Workers Career Counseling for Displaced Workers The Economically Disadvantaged Career Counseling for the Economically Disadvantaged Cultural and Ethnic Minorities African Americans Hispanic Americans Asian Americans Native Americans Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Individuals Summing Up Cultural Issues Delayed Entrants Former Military Personnel Ex-Offenders Midlife Job Changers Voluntary Changers Older Workers 6. Testing and Assessment in Career Development. Personal-Psychological Characteristics Aptitude Interests Personality Values Background Clinical, Quantitative, and Qualitative Approaches to Assessment Quantitative Assessment Qualitative Assessment and Constructivist Theory Quantitative and Objective Assessment Devices Selecting Assessment Devices Technical Qualities Gender and Culture Bias Other Issues Interpreting Test and Inventory Results III. FINDING AND USING EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION. 7. Finding, Organizing, and Using Occupational Information. Two Types of Information about Work Subtypes of Information The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Information Occupational Information: Print and Online Educational Information: Print and Online Audiovisual Materials and Games Children’s Materials Career Information Delivery Systems (CIDS) Interviews with Workers Career Day Career Conferences Post-High School Opportunity Programs Simulation of Work Environments Direct Experiences: Job Shadowing, Exploration, and Tryout Career Resource Centers Basic Criteria Establishing and Renovating CRCs Criteria for Collecting Material Initiating a Collection 8. Using Technology in Career Assessment, Career Exploration, and Career Counseling. Basic Technological Competencies The Roles of Computer Technology in Career Development Internet-Based Career Exploration Systems O*NET Online ASVAB Career Exploration Program CACGS Career Information System (CIS) Guidance Information System (GIS) DISCOVER System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) Other Systems Present Status of CACGS Using the Internet to Provide Career Counseling and Assessment Assessment Devices Online IV. PREPARING FOR AND ENTERING THE WORKPLACE. 9. Preparing for Work. High School and Preparation for Work Vocational Education Work Experience Programs Academies Outside the Classroom–No Diploma Required On-the-Job Training Job Training Partnership Act as Amended by STWOA of 1994 The Job Corps Outside the Classroom–High School Diploma Preferred or Required Apprenticeship Programs Military Training Postsecondary Nondegree Schools Trade, Vocational, and Technical Schools Community Colleges and Junior Colleges Colleges and Universities Admissions Requirements Factors to Consider in Choosing a College Gaining Admission to College: An Application Strategy Accreditation Financial Aid Sources of Information Continuing Education 10. Job Placement, Outplacement, and the Job-Search Process. Job Placement Services Public Employment Services Private Employment Agencies Secondary and Postsecondary School Placement Services Online Job Placement Centers Outplacement Services Employability Skills People with Disabilities Executing the Job Search Step 1: Taking Inventory of Self and Skills Step 2: Investigating the Job Market Step 3: Developing Employability Skills V. CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. 11. Designing and Implementing Comprehensive K—12 Career Development Programs within the Framework of the ASCA National Model. Historical Background The ASCA Model of Career Development The Process of Program Development Gaining Administrative Support Establishing Preconditions Forming a Planning Committee Needs Assessment Writing Goals and Objectives, and Establishing Criteria for Success Planning the Career Development Program Addressing the Issue: Program Implementation Selecting a Management System Planning and Implementing the Guidance Curriculum Planning and Implementing Individual Student Planning Assessment The End Product Planning and Implementing Responsive Services Planning and Implementing Evaluation and Accountability: Some General Considerations Program Planning Tips: Elementary Program Planning Tips: Middle School Careers Classes Involving Parents Program Planning Tips: High School Targeting High School Students with Special Needs Involving Community Resources in the Program 12. Career Development in Community and Four-Year Colleges and Vocational—Technical Schools. Students The Institutions Career Development Programs Developing the Program Specific Activities Advising Courses Brief Interventions Self-Directed Activities Internships Information Consultation Career Counseling Career Resource Centers Major Fairs Peer Counseling Programs Assessment Program Evaluation VI. UNDERSTANDING THE LABOR MARKET. 13. Trends in the Labor Market and the Factors That Shape Them. Causes of Long-Term Trends Technology The Global Economy Other Economic Factors Population Factors The Size of Government Causes of Short-Term Trends The Occupational World through 2012 Projections for the Future Practical Implications Sources of Information on Change and Structure 14. Understanding and Using Occupational Classification Systems. Dictionary of Occupational Titles The Content Model: Definitions Development of the Classification System Development and Presentation of the Database Using O*NET Other Systems Holland’s Classification System The World-of-Work Map Standard Occupational Classification North American Industry Classification System VII. CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR. 15. Career Development in Business. Programming for Career Development Rationale Initiating the Program Early Steps Needs Assessment Designing the Program The Essential Components Program Implementation Benefits 16. Career Counselors in Private Practice: Counseling, Coaching, Consulting, and Beyond. Qualifications Guidelines for Consumers Career Coaching Establishing a Private Practice Types of Services Location of the Office Services to Be Offered Marketing the Service Budgeting Fees Billing Other Business Details VIII. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT. 17. Ethics and the Competencies and Credentials Needed for Career Development Practice. Principle 1: Above All, Do No Harm (Section A.4.4) Principle 2: Be Competent (Sections C.2.a, b, c, d) Principle 3: Respect the Clients’ Right to Choose Their Own Directions (Section A.4.b) Principle 4: Honor Your Responsibilities (Section C) Principle 5: Make Accurate Public Statements (Section C.3) Principle 6: Respect Counselors and Practitioners from Other Professions (Section D) Principle 7: Advocate for Clients in Need (Section A.6.a) The Competencies Needed by Career Counselors (NCDA, 1997a) Minimum Competencies Professional Preparation Ethical Responsibilities Career Counseling Competencies and Performance Indicators Career Development Theory Individual and Group Counseling Skills Individual/Group Assessment Information/Resources Program Management and Implementation Coaching, Consultation, and Performance Improvement Diverse Populations Supervision Ethical/Legal Issues Research/Evaluation Technology 18. Trends and Issues in Career Information, Career Development, and Career Development Programming. Trends: Career Information Trends: The Job Hunt Trends: Career Counseling Trends: Career Development Programming Appendix: Classroom Guidance Unit (by Clarke Lambeth) Name Index. Subject Index. Table of Contents
Get Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development, 9th Edition by Duane Brown, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
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