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Table of Contents

1. Introduction: Reading, Responding To, and Writing About Literature.

Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace.  

I. READING AND WRITING ABOUT FICTION.

 

2. Fiction: An Overview.

 

    Stories For Study:

Raymond Carver, Neighbors.

William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily.

Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried.

3. Structure: The Organization of Stories.

 

    Stories For Study:

Alice Walker, Everyday Use.

Eudora Welty, A Worn Path.

Tom Whitecloud, Blue Winds Dancing.

4. Characters: The People In Fiction.

 

    Stories For Study:

Willa Cather, Paul’s Case.

Susan Glaspell, A Jury of Her Peers.

Joyce Carol Oates, Shopping.

Amy Tan, Two Kinds.

 

5. Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Work’s Narrator or Speaker.

 

    Stories For Study:

Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at OwlCreekBridge.

Ellen Gilchrist, The Song of Songs.

Shirley Jackson, The Lottery.

Lorrie Moore, How to Become a Writer.

 

6. Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Stories.

 

    Stories for Study:

Walter Van Tilburg Clark, The Portable Phonograph.

James Joyce, Araby.

Cynthia Ozick, The Shawl.

Edgar Allan Poe, The Masque of the Red Death.

7. Tone and Style: The Words that Convey Attitudes in Fiction.

 

    Stories for Study:

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour.

Ernest Hemingway, Soldier’s Home.

Alice Munro, The Found Boat.

Frank O’Connor, First Confession.

Mark Twain, Luck.

 

8. Symbolism and Allegory: Keys to Extended Meaning.

 

    Stories for Study:

Aesop, The Fox and the Grapes.

Anonymous, The Myth of Atalanta.

Anita Scott Coleman, Unfinished Masterpieces.

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown.

St. Luke, The Parable of the Prodigal Son.

Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall.

John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums.

Michel Tremblay, The Thimble.

 

9. Idea or Theme: The Meaning and the Message in Fiction.

 

    Stories For Study:

Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson.

D. H. Lawrence, The Horse Dealer’s Daughter.

Ameríco Paredes, The Hammon and the Beans.

 

10. Six Stories for Additional Enjoyment and Study.

 

Robert Olen Butler, Snow.

John Chioles, Before the Firing Squad.

Andre Dubus, The Curse.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper.

Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find.

Irene Zabytko, Home Soil.

 

10A. Additional Research Questions—Emphasizing Online Research—On the Fiction in Part I.

 

II. READING AND WRITING ABOUT POETRY.

 

11. Meeting Poetry: An Overview.

 

Billy Collins, Schoolsville.

Lisel Mueller, Hope.

Robert Herrick, Here a Pretty Baby Lies.

Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spens.

 

    Poems For Study:

Robert Browning, My Last Duchess.

Emily Dickinson, Because I Could Not Stop for Death.

Robert Francis, Catch.

Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.

Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed.

Joy Harjo, Eagle Poem.

Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner.

Jim Northrup, Ogichidag.

Naomi Shihab Nye, Where Children Live.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monument.

Elaine Terranova, Rush Hour.

James Wright, A Blessing.

 

12. Words: The Building Blocks Of Poetry.

 

Robert Graves, The Naked and the Nude.

 

    Poems For Study:

William Blake, The Lamb.

Robert Burns, Green Grow the Rashes, O.

Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky.

Hayden Carruth, An Apology for Using the Word “Heart” in Too Many Poems.

E. E. Cummings, next to of course god america i.

John Donne, Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God.

Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment.

Bart Edelman, Chemistry Experiment.

Thomas Gray, Sonnet on the Death of Richard West.

Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid.

A. E. Housman, Loveliest of Trees.

Carolyn Kizer, Night Sounds.

Denise Levertov, Of Being.

Molly Peacock, Desire.

Henry Reed, Naming of Parts.

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory.

Theodore Roethke, Dolor.

Stephen Spender, I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great.

Mark Strand, Eating Poetry.

William Wordsworth, Daffodils (I Wandered, Lonely as a Cloud).

 

13. Imagery: The Poem’s Link to the Senses.

 

John Masefield, Cargoes.

Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth.

Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish.

 

    Poems For Study:

William Blake, The Tyger.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese, No 14: If Thou Must LoveMe.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan.

Ray Durem, I Know I’m Not Sufficiently Obscure.

T. S. Eliot, Preludes.

Susan Griffin, Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields.

Thomas Hardy, Channel Firing.

George Herbert, The Pulley.

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring.

Denise Levertov, A Time Past.

Thomas Lux, The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently.

Joyce Carol Oates, Loving.

Micheal O’Siadhail, Abundance.

P. K. Page, Photos of a Salt Mine.

Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro.

Christina Rossetti, A Christmas Carol.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130: My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun.

William Wordsworth, Composed upon WestminsterBridge.

 

14. Figures of Speech, or Metaphorical Language: A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry.

 

John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer.

John Keats, Bright Star.

John Gay, Let Us Take the Road.

 

    Poems For Study:

Jack Agüeros, Sonnet for You, Familiar Famine.

Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose.

John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.

Abbie Huston Evans, The Iceberg Seven-eighths Under.

Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain.

Joy Harjo, Remember.

Langston Hughes, Harlem.

John Keats, To Autumn.

Henry King, Sic Vita.

Archibald Macleish, Ars Poetica.

Eve Merriam, Reply to the Question: “How Can You Become a Poet?”

Judith Minty, Conjoined.

Marge Piercy, A Work of Artifice.

Sylvia Plath, Metaphors.

Muriel Rukeyser, Looking at Each Other.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 30: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought.

Elizabeth Tudor, Queen Elizabeth I, On Monsieur’s Departure.

Mona Van Duyn, Earth Tremors Felt in Missouri.

Walt Whitman, Facing West from California’s Shores.

William Wordsworth, London, 1802.

Sir Thomas Wyatt, I Find No Peace.

 

15. Tone: The Creation Of Attitude In Poetry.

 

Cornelius Whur, The First-Rate Wife.

Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est.

Thomas Hardy, The Workbox.

Alexander Pope, Epigram from the French.

Alexander Pope, Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog which I Gave to His Royal Highness.

 

    Poems For Study:

Jimmy Carter, I Wanted to Share My Father’s World.

Lucille Clifton, homage to my hips.

Billy Collins, The Names.

E. E. Cummings, she being Brand /-new.

Mari Evans, I Am a Black Woman.

Seamus Heaney, Mid-term Break.

Langston Hughes, Theme for English B.

Abraham Lincoln, My Childhood’s Home.

Sharon Olds, The Planned Child.

Michael Ondaatje, Late Movies with Skyler.

Robert Pinsky, Dying.

Alexander Pope, From Epilogue to the Satires, Dialogue I.

Salvatore Quasímodo, Auschwitz.

Anne Ridler, Nothing Is Lost.

Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz.

Jonathan Swift, A Description of the Morning.

David Wagoner, My Physics Teacher.

C. K. Williams, Dimensions.

William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old.

 

16. Form: The Shape of the Poem.

 

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle.

Anonymous, Spun in High, Dark Clouds.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds.

Walt Whitman, Reconciliation.

George Herbert, Easter Wings.

 

    Poems for Study:

Elizabeth Bishop, One Art.

Billy Collins, Sonnet.

E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill’s.

John Dryden, To the Memory of Mr. Oldham.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Concord Hymn.

Carolyn Forché, The Colonel.

Robert Frost, Desert Places.

Nikki Giovanni, Nikki-Rosa.

Robert Hass, Museum.

George Herbert, Virtue.

William Heyen, Mantle.

John Hollander, Swan and Shadow.

John Hall Ingham, George Washington.

John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale.

Claude McKay, In Bondage.

John Milton, On His Blindness.

Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham.

Theodore Roethke, The Waking.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou May’st in Me Behold.

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind.

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias.

May Swenson, Women.

Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.

Jean Toomer, Reapers.

Charles Harper Webb, The Shape of History.

Phyllis Webb, Poetics Against the Angel of Death.

William Carlos Williams, The Dance.

 

17. Symbolism And Allusion: Windows To Wide Expanses Of Meaning.

 

Virginia Scott, Snow.

 

    Poems For Study:

Emily Brontë, No Coward Soul Is Mine.

Amy Clampitt, Beach Glass.

Arthur Hugh Clough, Say Not the Struggle Nought Availeth.

Peter Davison, Delphi.

John Donne, The Canonization.

Stephen Dunn, Hawk.

Jorie Graham, The Geese.

Thomas Hardy, In Time of “The Breaking of Nations.”

George Herbert, The Collar.

Josephine Jacobsen, Tears.

Robinson Jeffers, The Purse-Seine.

John Keats, La Belle Dame Sans Merci.

Philip Larkin, Next, Please.

Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress.

Mary Oliver, Wild Geese.

Anne Stevenson, The Spirit Is Too Blunt an Instrument.

Judith Viorst, A Wedding Sonnet for the Next Generation.

Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider.

Richard Wilbur, Year’s End.

William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming.

 

18. Myths: Systems of Symbolic Allusion in Poetry.

 

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan.

Mona Van Duyn, Leda.

 

Six Poems Related to the Myth of Odysseus

 

        Poems For Study:

Louise Glück, Penelope’s Song.

W. S. Merwin, Odysseus.

Dorothy Parker, Penelope.

Linda Pastan, The Suitor.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses.

Peter Ulisse, Odyssey: 20 Years Later.

 

Six Poems Related to the Myth of Icarus

 

    Poems for Study:

Brian Aldiss, Flight 063.

W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts.

Edward Field, Icarus.

Muriel Rukeyser, Waiting for Icarus.

Anne Sexton, To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph.

William Carlos Williams, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.

 

Three Poems Related To The Myth Of The Phoenix

 

    Poems For Study:

Amy Clampitt, Berceuse.

Denise Levertov, Hunting the Phoenix.

May Sarton, The Phoenix Again.

 

Two Poems Related to the Myth of Oedipus

 

    Poems For Study:

Muriel Rukeyser, Myth.

John Updike, On the Way to Delphi.

 

Two Poems Related to the Myth of Pan

 

    Poems For Study:

E. E. Cummings, in Just-.

John Chipman Farrar, Song for a Forgotten Shrine to Pan.

 

19. Two Poetic Careers: Emily Dickinson And Robert Frost.

 

Emily Dickinson (1830—1886)

 

    Poems By Emily Dickinson:

After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes (J341, F372).

Because I Could Not Stop for Death (J712, F479), in Chapter 11.

The Bustle in a House (J1078, F1108).

The Heart Is the Capital of the Mind (J1354, F1381).

I Cannot Live with You (J640, F706).

I Died for Beauty — but Was Scarce (J449, F448).

I Felt a Funeral in My Brain (J280, F340).

I Heard a Fly Buzz — When I Died (J465, F491).

I Like to See It Lap the Miles (J585, F383).

I’m Nobody! Who Are You? (J288, F260).

I Never Lost as Much But Twice (J49, F39).

I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed (J214, F207).

Much Madness Is Divinest Sense (J435, F620).

My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close (J1732, F1773).

My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums (J1227, F1212).

One Need Not Be a Chamber - To Be Haunted (J670, F407).

Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers (J216, F124).

Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church (J324, F236).

The Soul Selects Her Own Society (J303, F409).

Success Is Counted Sweetest (J67, F112).

Tell All the Truth but Tell It Slant (J1129, F1263).

There’s a Certain Slant of Light (J258, F320).

This World Is Not Conclusion (J501, F373). 

To Hear an Oriole Sing (J526, F402).

Wild Nights—Wild Nights! (J249, F269).

 

Robert Frost (1873—1963)

 

    Poems By Robert Frost (Chronologically Arranged):

The Tuft of Flowers (1913).

Mending Wall (1914).

Birches (1915).

The Road Not Taken (1915).

 “Out, Out–” (1916).

The Oven Bird (1916).

Fire and Ice (1920).

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (1923) (Chapter 11).

Misgiving (1923).

Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923).

Acquainted with the Night (1928).

Desert Places (1936) (Chapter 17).

Design (1936).

The Silken Tent (1936).

The Gift Outright (1941).

A Considerable Speck (1942).

Take Something like a Star (1943).

 

20. Ninety-Three Poems For Additional Enjoyment And Study.

 

Anonymous (Navajo), Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant.

Matthew Arnold, DoverBeach.

W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen.

Wendell Berry, Another Descent.

William Blake, London.

Louise Bogan, Women.

Arna Bontemps, A Black Man Talks of Reaping.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee?

Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister.

William Cullen Bryant, To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe.

Leonard Cohen, ‘The killers that run ...’.

Billy Collins, Days.

Frances Cornford, From a Letter to America on a Visit to Sussex, Spring 1942.

William Cowper, The Poplar Field.

Stephen Crane, Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind.

Robert Creeley, “Do you think ...”.

E. E. Cummings, if there are any heavens.

Carl Dennis, The God Who Loves You.

James Dickey, Kudzu.

John Donne, The Good Morrow.

John Donne, Holy Sonnet 10: Death Be Not Proud.

Paul Laurence Dunbar, Sympathy.

James Emanuel, The Negro.

Lynn Emanuel, Like God.

Chief Dan George, The Beauty of the Trees.

Nikki Giovanni, Woman.

Louise Glück, Snowdrops.

Marilyn Hacker, Sonnet Ending with a Film Subtitle.

John Haines, Little Cosmic Dust Poem.

Daniel Halpern, Snapshot of Hué.

H. S. (Sam) Hamod, Leaves.

Frances E. W. Harper, She’s Free!

Robert Hass, Spring Rain.

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays.

William Heyen, The Hair: Jacob Korman’s Story.

A. D. Hope, Advice to Young Ladies.

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty.

Carolina Hospital, Dear Tia.

Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers.

Robinson Jeffers, The Answer.

John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn.

Galway Kinnell, After Making Love We Hear Footsteps.

Irving Layton, Rhine Boat Trip.

Alan P. Lightman, In Computers.

Liz Lochhead, The Choosing.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Sound of the Sea.

Audre Lorde, Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem.

Amy Lowell, Patterns.

Claude McKay, The WhiteCity.

Herman Melville, Shiloh: A Requiem.

W. S. Merwin, Listen.

N. Scott Momaday, The Bear.

Howard Nemerov, Life Cycle of Common Man.

Jim Northrup, wahbegan.

Mary Oliver, Ghosts.

Linda Pastan, Marks.

Marge Piercy, The Secretary Chant.

Sylvia Plath, Last Words.

Sylvia Plath, Mirror.

Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee.

John Crowe Ransom, Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter.

John Raven, Assailant.

Luis Omar Salinas, In a Farmhouse.

Sonia Sanchez, rite on: white America.

Carl Sandburg, Chicago.

Siegfried Sassoon, Dreamers.

Gjertrud Schnackenberg, The Paperweight.

Alan Seeger, I Have a Rendezvous with Death.

Brenda Serotte, My Mother’s Face.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men’s Eyes.

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth.

Karl Shapiro, Auto Wreck.

Leslie Marmon Silko, WhereMountain Lion Lay Down with Deer.

Stevie Smith, Not Waving But Drowning.

Gary Soto, Oranges.

William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark.

Gerald Stern, Burying an Animal on the Way to New York.

Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream.

May Swenson, Question.

Dylan Thomas, A Refusal to Mourn ...

John Updike, Perfection Wasted.

Shelly Wagner, The Boxes.

Alice Walker, Revolutionary Petunias.

Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose.

Bruce Weigl, Song of Napalm.

Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America.

Walt Whitman, Dirge for Two Veterans.

Walt Whitman, Full of Life Now.

Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing.

John Greenleaf Whittier, The Bartholdi Statue.

Richard Wilbur, April 5, 1974.

William Wordsworth, Lines Written in Early Spring.

Paul Zimmer, The Day Zimmer Lost Religion.

 

20A . Additional Research Questions–Emphasizing Online Research–On The Poetry In Part II.

 

 

III. READING AND WRITING ABOUT DRAMA.

 

21. The Dramatic Vision: An Overview.

 

Anonymous, The Visit to the Sepulcher (Visitatio Sepulchri).

 

    Plays for Study:

Edward Albee, The Sandbox.

Susan Glaspell, Trifles.

Betty Keller, Tea Party.

Eugene O’Neill, Before Breakfast.

The “Wakefield Master,” The Second Shepherds’ Play.

 

22. The Tragic Vision: Affirmation Through Loss.

 

    Plays For Study:

Sophocles, Oedipus the King.

William Shakespeare, Hamlet.

 

23. The Comic Vision: Restoring the Balance.

 

    Plays For Study:

William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream.

Anton Chekhov, The Bear.

Beth Henley, Am I Blue.

 

24. Four Plays For Additional Enjoyment and Study.

 

Henrik Ibsen, A Dollhouse (Et Dukkehjem).

Langston Hughes, Mulatto.

Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman.

Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun.

 

24A. Additional Research Questions–Emphasizing Online Research–On The Drama In Part III.

 

IV. SPECIAL WRITING TOPICS ABOUT LITERATURE.

 

25. Writing And Documenting The Research Essay.

 

26. Critical Approaches Important In The Study Of Literature.

 

27. Taking Examinations On Literature.

 

28. Comparison-Contrast And Extended Comparison-Contrast: Learning By Seeing Literary Works Together.

 

AppendixI. MLA Recommendations For Documenting Electronic Sources.

 

Appendix II. Brief Biographies Of The Poets In Part II.

 

Glossary Of Literary Terms.

 

Credits.

 

Index Of Authors, Titles, And First Lines.

Get Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, Compact Edition, 3rd Edition by Edgar V. Roberts, Lehman College, The City University of New York Henry E. Jacobs

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