Table of Contents
1. Active Academic Reading
What Is Active Academic Reading?
What Can We Learn From Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience?
BRAIN BOOSTER
BRAIN BOOSTER: Are You Paying Attention?
Help Your Brain Absorb New Information
Poor Concentration: Causes and Cures
External Distractions
Internal Distractions
BRAIN BOOSTER: Are You Curious?
READER’S TIP: Improving Concentration
READER’S TIP: Managing Electronic Communication
Is Reading Rate Important?
Varying Rate and Technique to Fit Purpose
Rate Variations and Prior Knowledge
READER’S TIP: Efficient Reading: Adjusting Rate and Technique to Material and Purpose
What Is Your Baseline Reading Rate?
BRAIN BOOSTER: Music to Our Ears and to Our Brains
Habits for Faster Reading
Strategies for Reading Comprehension Tests
Plan for Success
Before Taking a Test
BRAIN BOOSTER: Balance Memorization and Application in Test Preparation
During the Test
After the Test
BRAIN BOOSTER: Turn Mistakes Into Successes
Recognize the Major Types of Comprehension Questions
READER’S TIP: Key Words in Essay Questions
Locus of Control
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PSYCHOLOGY
“Are you Stalling? Win the Battle Against Procrastination!” from Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise G. Boyd
CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY
SELECTION 2 HISTORY
“Home Front Workers, Rosie the Riveter, and Victory Girls” from Jacqueline Jones, et al.
CONCEPT PREP FOR HISTORY
SELECTION 3 SCIENCE
“Is there Enough Earth for Everyone?” from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: OVER, UNDER, AROUND, AND THROUGH
2. Strategic Reading and Study
What Is Strategic Reading?
Four Types of Readers
The Stages of Reading
Stage 1: Strategies for Previewing
Signposts for Previewing
READER’S TIP: Ask Questions While Previewing
Preview to Activate Schemata
BRAIN BOOSTER: Schemata and Your Brain
Stage 2: Strategies for Integrating Knowledge While Reading
Integrating Ideas: How Do Good Readers Think?
Metacognition
READER’S TIP: Using Thinking Strategies While Reading
READER’S TIP: Developing Metacognition for Reading
Stage 3: Strategies for Recalling
Recalling Through Writing
The Three Steps of Recalling
READER’S TIP: Thinking After Reading
BRAIN BOOSTER: Use It to Remember It!
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 HISTORY
“Madam C. J. Walker: Business Savvy to Generous Philanthropy” from America.gov Archive
SELECTION 2 HEALTH
“High-Risk Drinking and College Students” from Rebecca J. Donatelle and Patricia Ketchum
SELECTION 3 BUSINESS
“Toms Shoes: ‘Be the Change You Want to See in the World’” from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler
CONCEPT PREP FOR BUSINESS
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY
3. Organizing Textbook Information for Study
Get Organized for College Study
Building Knowledge Networks
The Study Process
Organizing Textbook Information
BRAIN BOOSTER: Exercise to Boost Brain Power
Annotating
Why Annotate?
READER’S TIP: How to Annotate
When to Annotate
Note Taking
When and How to Take Notes
The Cornell Method
READER’S TIP: How to Take Notes: The Cornell Method
Outlining
READER’S TIP: Guidelines for Successful Outlining
BRAIN BOOSTER: Sleep and Problem Solving
Mapping
READER’S TIP: How to Map
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS
“Watch Your Language!” from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler
CONCEPT PREP FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND LANGUAGE
SELECTION 2 HEALTH
“Managing Stress in College” from Rebecca J. Donatelle
CONCEPT PREP FOR HEALTH
SELECTION 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“Police DNA Collection Sparks Questions” from the Associated Press
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: WHO’S WHO IN MEDICINE?
4. Vocabulary
Remembering New Words and Unlocking Meaning
Associate Words in Phrases
Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds
BRAIN BOOSTER: Use Your Senses to Make More Sense!
Associate Words With Images
Seek Reinforcement
Create Concept Cards
Use Strategies to Unlock Meaning While Reading
Using Context Clues
Definition or Synonym
Elaborating Details
Examples
Comparison
Contrast
Antonyms
Limitations of Context Clues
Multiple Meanings of a Word
Understanding the Structure of Words
Using Word Reference Aids
Using a Dictionary
Using a Glossary
Using a Thesaurus
BRAIN BOOSTER: Meaning Matters!
Deepening Word Meaning
Exploring Word Origins
Solving Analogies
READER’S TIP: Categories of Analogy Relationships
Studying Easily Confused Words
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 HEALTH
“Technology and Health” from Rebecca J. Donatelle
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: WHAT’S IN, WHAT’S OUT?
WHAT’S HOT, WHAT’S NOT?
5. Main Idea and Supporting Details
Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details
What Is a Topic?
What Is a Main Idea?
What Are Supporting Details?
Distinguishing Topics, Main Ideas, and Details: A Closer Look
Strategies for Finding the Main Idea
Prior Knowledge and Constructing the Main Idea
Identifying Main Ideas Among Sentences
READER’S TIP: Using Three Questions to Find the Main Idea
Questioning for the Main Idea
Stated Main Ideas
The Topic Sentence
How Common Are Stated Main Ideas?
Where Are Stated Main Ideas Located?
What Are Major and Minor Details?
READER’S TIP: Signals for Significance
Unstated Main Ideas
Unstated Main Ideas in Sentences
Unstated Main Ideas in Paragraphs
Determining the Main Idea of Longer Selections
READER’S TIP: Getting the Main Idea of Longer Selections
BRAIN BOOSTER: Brains Need the Right Amount of Sleep
Summary Writing: A Main Idea Skill
Why Summarize?
READER’S TIP: How to Summarize
BRAIN BOOSTER: Chronic Stress and the Brain
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PSYCHOLOGY
“The Obedience Study” from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry
CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY
SELECTION 2 SHORT STORY
“On the Sidewalk, Bleeding” from Evan Hunter
CONCEPT PREP FOR LITERATURE
SELECTION 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“Fighting Violent Gang Crime with Math” from Stuart Wolpert
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: THE SUN, THE MOON, AND THE STARS
6. Patterns of Organization
Textbook Organization: The Big Picture
What Do Transitional Words Do?
Words That Signal Addition
Words That Signal Examples or Illustrations
Words That Signal Time or Sequence
Words That Signal Comparison
Words That Signal Contrast
READER’S TIP: Transitions and Their Functions
Words That Signal Cause and Effect
Patterns of Organization in Textbooks
BRAIN BOOSTER: Brains Like Patterns
Simple Listing
Definition
Description
Time Order, Sequence, or Narration
Comparison
Contrast
Comparison and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Classification
Summary
Location or Spatial Order
Generalization and Example
READER’S TIP: Patterns of Organization and Signal Words
Clues to the Organizational Pattern
BRAIN BOOSTER: Watering the Brain
Mixed Organizational Patterns
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 COMMUNICATIONS
“Managing Conflict” from Joseph A. DeVito
SELECTION 2 HISTORY
“Barbara Johns Leads a Student Strike” from Clayborne Carson, et al.
CONCEPT PREP FOR ART HISTORY
SELECTION 3 BUSINESS
“Why is Papa John’s Rolling in the Dough?” from Courtland L. Bovée, John V. Thrill, and Barbara E. Schatzman
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: CAN I GET THAT IN WRITING?
7. Inference
What Is an Inference?
What Is Required to Make a Reasonable Inference?
Implied Meaning in Humor
BRAIN BOOSTER: The Brain’s Pleasure Center and Learning
Connotative Language
Euphemisms and Politically Correct Language
Figurative Language
Idioms
Similes
Metaphors
Hyperbole
Personification
Verbal Irony
Figurative Language in Poetry
Clues to Making Logical Inferences
Inferences Based on Facts
Inferences Based on the Voice of a Speaker or Narrator
Inferences Based on Action and Description
Inferences Based on Prior Knowledge
BRAIN BOOSTER: Boost Brain Power Through
Collaboration
Expanding Prior Knowledge
READER’S TIP: Making Inferences
Drawing Conclusions
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 SHORT STORY
“A Dip in the Poole” from Bill Pronzini
CONCEPT PREP FOR PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE
SELECTION 2 PHILOSOPHY
“Coyote” from Robert S. Ellwood
SELECTION 3 PERSONAL NARRATIVE
“Fear the College Years” from John Corcoran
CONCEPT PREP FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: SAY, WHAT?
8. Point of View
What Is the Author’s Point of View?
Textbooks and the Author’s Point of View
What Is Bias?
READER’S TIP: Questions to Uncover Bias
The Importance of the Reader’s Point of View
BRAIN BOOSTER: Male and Female Brains and Their Points of View
What Are Facts and Opinions?
What Is the Author’s Purpose?
What Is the Author’s Tone?
READER’S TIP: Recognizing an Author’s Tone
Using Tone and Other Clues to Determine the Point of View in Editorial Cartoons
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PHILOSOPHY
“Decision” from Gary R. Kirby and Jeffery R. Goodpaster
SELECTION 2 SCIENCE
“Earth’s Changing Climate” from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers
SELECTION 3 PSYCHOLOGY
“Mental Disorder and Personal Responsibility” from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION!
9. Graphic Illustrations
What Graphics Do
READER’S TIP: How to Read Graphic Illustrations
Types of Graphic Illustrations
Diagrams
Tables
Maps
Pie Graphs
Bar Graphs
Cumulative Bar Graphs
Line Graphs
Flowcharts
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PERSONAL NARRATIVE
“Little Income, Big Debt: Managing Money in College” from Trent Hamm
SELECTION 2 SCIENCE
“The Risks and Benefits of Weight Loss Plans” from Jane B. Reece et al.
SELECTION 3 SOCIOLOGY
“People, Technology, and the Environment” from John J. Macionis
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: PLAY IT AGAIN, SAM
10. Critical Thinking
What Is Thinking?
What Is Analytical Thinking?
What Is Critical Thinking?
Critical Thinking Skills and College Goals
READER’S TIP: Four Habits of Effective Critical Thinkers
Barriers to Critical Thinking
Recognizing an Argument
Steps in Analyzing and Evaluating an Argument
Step 1: Identify the Position on the Issue
Step 2: Identify the Support in the Argument
READER’S TIP: Types of Support for Arguments
Step 3: Evaluate the Support
Step 4: Evaluate the Argument
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Applying the Four Steps of Critical Thinking
Explanation of the Four Steps
Creative and Critical Thinking
BRAIN BOOSTER: The Creative Brain
SUMMARY POINTS
Themed Readings
Technology, Crime, and Ethics
SELECTION 1 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“High Technology and Criminal Opportunity” from Frank J. Schmalleger
SELECTION 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“Fighting Crime with Technology” from Frank J. Schmalleger
SELECTION 3 ESSAY
“The Writer and the Troll” from Lindy West
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: FOREIGN TERMS
Glossary
Credits
Index
Progress Chart for Reading Selections
0 commentaires:
Enregistrer un commentaire