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PART 1: COMPOSITION 1. The Writing Process The Writing Process Prewriting Planning Drafting Revising Proofreading Expect the Unexpected The Writing Process: Stephanie’s Paragraph Writing for Right-Brained Writers 2. Preparing to Write Prewriting Prewriting Methods Brainstorming Freewriting Invisible Writing: A Computer Technique Clustering Outlining Journal Writing Progressive Writing Assignment 3. Writing Paragraphs: Direction Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph Topic Sentences: Setting the Direction of a Paragraph Writing Topic Sentences That Fit Where Should a Topic Sentence Go? Topic Sentence First Topic Sentence After an Introductory Sentence Progressive Writing Assignment 4. Writing Paragraphs: Support Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph The Difference Between Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences Support: Using Specific Detail Recognizing Specific Detail Using Specific Words Making Sentences Specific Progressive Writing Assignment 5. Writing Paragraphs: Unity and Coherence Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph Unity: Sticking to the Point Reinforcing Unity: The Summary Sentence Coherence: Holding the Paragraph Together Transitional Expressions Repetition of Key Words and Phrases Progressive Writing Assignment 6. Revising, Proofreading, and Formatting Revising Checklist for Revision Proofreading The Top-Down Technique The Bottom-Up Technique The Targeting Technique Proofreading the Computer-Generated Paragraph Formatting Handwritten Documents Computer-Generated Documents Progressive Writing Assignment 7. Showing and Telling: Description, Narration, and Example Description, Narration, and Example in Action Description Laying the Groundwork for Descriptive Writing Sense Impressions Spatial Order Establishing a Dominant Impression Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Descriptive Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Descriptive Writing Narration Laying the Groundwork for Narrative Writing Steps to Writing a Successful Narrative Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Narrative Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Narrative Writing Examples Laying the Groundwork for Writing Using Examples The Short Example The Sentence-Length Example The Extended Example Wordsmith’s Corner: Paragraphs Developed by Example Topics for Practicing Writing with Examples Mixed Methods Assignments 8. Limiting and Ordering: Definition, Classification, and Process Definition, Classification, and Process in Action Definition Laying the Groundwork for Writing a Definition Setting Up Your Definition Paragraph Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Definition Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Definition Classification Laying the Groundwork for Classification Establishing a Basis for Classification Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Classification Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Classification Process Laying the Groundwork for Process Writing Organizing the Process Paper Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Process Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Process Writing Mixed Methods Assignments 9. Examining Logical Connections: Comparison-Contrast, Cause-Effect, and Argument Comparison-Contrast, Cause-Effect, and Argument in Action Comparison-Contrast Laying the Groundwork for Comparison and Contrast Setting up a Comparison-Contrast Paragraph Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Comparison-Contrast Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Comparison-Contrast Writing Cause and Effect Laying the Groundwork for Cause-Effect Writing Identifying Causes and Effects Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Cause-Effect Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Cause and Effect Writing Argument and Persuasion Aristotle’s Influence on Argument and Persuasion Signs of Flawed Logic in Argument Laying the Groundwork for Writing Argument and Persuasion Taking Sides Will You Change Anyone’s Mind? Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Argument and Persuasion Paragraphs Topics for Practicing Argument and Persuasion Mixed Methods Assignments 10. Writing an Essay Parts of an Essay Sample Essay Meeting the Challenge of Essay Writing Characteristics of an Effective Essay The Thesis Statement: Direction Writing the Essay Getting Started: Introducing the Essay The Body Paragraphs: Unity The Body Paragraphs: Support The Body Paragraphs: Coherence A Graceful Exit: The Conclusion Wordsmith’s Corner: Sample Essays Topics for Writing Essays Checklist for Revision 11. Writing Summary Reports Writing a Summary Report Five Steps in Writing an Article Summary Step 1: Choose a Topic and Find Sources of Information Step 2: Evaluate Sources of Information Step 3: Read Your Article Thoroughly Step 4: Draft Your Paper Step 5: Format, Proofread, and Cite Your Source Paraphrasing: An Essential Skill Using Documentation Styles Why Use a Documentation Style? Brief Guide to the APA (American Psychological Association) Style Formatting Your Paper Preparing the Title Page Referencing Sources within Your Paper The References List Brief Guide to the MLA (Modern Language Association) Style Referencing Sources within Your Paper The Works Cited List A Model Summary Report Summary Report Assignments Part II: GRAMMAR 12. Verbs and Subjects Action and Linking Verbs Action Verbs Linking Verbs Recognizing Verbs and Subjects Finding the Verb Finding the Subject Recognizing Prepositional Phrases Regular and Irregular Verbs Puzzling Pairs Review Exercises 13. Subject-Verb Agreement The Basic Pattern Problems in Subject-Verb Agreement Prepositional Phrase between the Subject and the Verb Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects Subject Following the Verb Compound Subjects Review Exercises 14. Verb Shifts Shifts in Tense Avoiding Unnecessary Tense Shifts Active Voice and Passive Voice Uses of Active Voice and Passive Voice Writing Sentences in Active Voice and Passive Voice Correcting Shifts in Voice Review Exercises 15. Coordination and Subordination Connecting Ideas through Coordination Comma and FANBOYS Semicolon and Joining Word Connecting Ideas through Subordination Creating Emphasis through Subordination Review Exercises 16. Run-on Sentences What Is a Run-on Sentence? Correcting Run-ons Method 1: Period and Capital Letter Method 2: Comma and FANBOYS Conjunction Method 3: Semicolon Method 4: Semicolon and Joining Word Method 5: Dependent Word Review Exercises 17. Sentence Fragments What Is a Sentence Fragment? Dependent Clause Fragments Verbal Phrase Fragments (to, -ing, and -ed) Missing-Subject Fragments Example and Exception Fragments Prepositional Phrase Fragments Review Exercises 18. Pronoun Case Subject and Object Pronouns Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns Intensive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Problems with Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns Using Who and Whom The Substitution Method for Whoand Whom Who and Whom in Questions Who and Whom after Prepositions Review Exercises 19. Pronoun Agreement, Reference, and Point of View Pronoun Errors Pronoun Agreement Problems in Pronoun Agreement Pronouns and Gender Fairness Pronoun Reference No Antecedent This Pronoun Point of View Review Exercises 20. Adjectives, Adverbs, and Articles Adjectives Adjective Forms: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Adverbs Puzzling Pairs Articles Using A and An Review Exercises 21. Parallel Structure Parallel Structure Parallel Structure in Sentences Review Exercises 22. Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Misplaced Modifiers Dangling Modifiers Review Exercises 23. Capital Letters Capital Letters to Begin Sentences Capitalization of Words Referring to Individuals Names and the Pronoun I Family Relationships Professional Titles Capitalization of Words Referring to Groups Religions, Geographic Locations, Races, and Nationalities Organizations, Businesses, and Agencies Capitalization of Words Referring to Time and Place Months, Days, Holidays, and Seasons Place Names Capitalization of Words Referring to Things and Activities School Subjects Titles Consumer Products Abbreviations Review Exercises 24. Words Commonly Confused Words Commonly Confused Review Exercises 25. Word Choice Word Choice Slang and Textspeak Clichés Wordiness Review Exercises 26. Commas Commas to Set Off Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses Commas to Join Items in a Series Commas to Join Independent Clauses Commas around Interrupters Commas with Direct Quotations Commas in Names and Dates Review Exercises 27. Other Punctuation End Punctuation: Period, Question Mark, and Exclamation Point The Period The Question Mark The Exclamation Point The Semicolon Semicolon to Join Independent Clauses Semicolon to Join Items in a List Colons and Dashes: Formal and Informal Punctuation The Colon The Dash Parentheses: Tools of Understatement Review Exercises 28. Apostrophes Apostrophes in Contractions Apostrophes to Show Possession Making Nouns Possessive Distinguishing Possessives from Simple Plurals Possessive Forms of Pronouns Proofreading for Apostrophe Errors Review Exercises 29. Quotation Marks, Underlining, and Italics Quotation Marks to Signal Quotations Direct Quotations Indirect Quotations Quotation Marks, Italics, and Underlining to Set Off Titles Review Exercises Grammar Review: Five Editing Exercises PART 3: READINGS Action Hero, Rulon Openshaw A Generation of Slackers? Not So Much, Catherine Rampell Running Through the Dark, Jennifer Sinor Setting Boundaries, Cara DiMarco Living at Warp Speed, Michael Ashcraft Chop Suey, Ira Sukrungruang Don’t Blame Me! The New “Culture of Victimization,” John J. Macionis White Lies, Erin Murphy One for the Books, Rheta Grimsley Johnson Civil Rites, Caroline Miller Conversational Ballgames, Nancy Masterton Sakamoto I Wonder: Was It Me or Was It My Sari? Shoba Narayan Table of Contents
Get Wordsmith: A Guide to Paragraphs and Short Essays, 6th Edition by Pamela Arlov, Macon State College
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