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PART IV THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD, 1450–1750: THEWORLD SHRINKS 458 THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD, 1450—1750: THEWORLD SHRINKS 458 CHAPTER 21 The World Economy 466 The West’s First Outreach:Maritime Power 466 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Causation and the West’s Expansion 471 Toward a World Economy 472 VISUALIZING THE PAST:West Indian Slaveholding 475 Colonial Expansion 477 DOCUMENT:Western Conquerors: Tactics and Motives 478 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The World Economy– And the World 483 Further Readings 484 On the Web 484 CHAPTER 22 The Transformation of the West, 1450—1750 486 The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce, 1450—1650 487 The Commercial Revolution 492 The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change 495 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Versailles 497 Political Change 497 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Elites and Masses 498 The West by 1750 500 DOCUMENT: Controversies About Women 501 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Europe and the World 504 Further Readings 504 On the Web 505 CHAPTER 23 The Rise of Russia 506 Russia’s Expansionist Politics Under the Tsars 506 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Multinational Empires 510 Russia’s First Westernization, 1690—1790 511 DOCUMENT: The Nature of Westernization 513 Themes in Early Modern Russian History 516 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Oppressed Peasants 517 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Russia and the World 519 Further Readings 519 On the Web 520 CHAPTER 24 Early Latin America 522 Spaniards and Portuguese: From Reconquest to Conquest 524 DOCUMENT: A Vision from the Vanquished 529 The Destruction and Transformation of Indigenous Societies 532 Colonial Economies and Governments 533 THINKING HISTORICALLY: An Atlantic History? 534 Brazil: The First Plantation Colony 537 Multiracial Societies 540 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Race or Culture? A Changing Society 541 The 18th-Century Reforms 542 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Latin American Civilization and the World Context 547 Further Readings 547 On the Web 548 CHAPTER 25 Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade 550 Africa and the Creation of an Atlantic System 551 The Atlantic Slave Trade 552 African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade 557 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Slavery and Human Society 558 White Settlers and Africans in Southern Africa 563 The African Diaspora 566 DOCUMENT: An African’s Description of the Middle Passage 567 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Cloth of Kings in an Atlantic Perspective 569 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Africa and the African Diaspora in World Context 571 Further Readings 571 On the Web 572 CHAPTER 26 The Muslim Empires 574 The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders 575 DOCUMENT: An Islamic Traveler Laments the Muslims’ Indifference to Europe 583 The Shi’a Challenge of the Safavids 583 THINKING HISTORICALLY: The Gunpowder Empires and the Shifting Balance of Global Power 586 The Mughals and the Apex of Muslim Civilization in India 590 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Art as A Window into the Past: Paintings and History in Mughal India 594 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Gunpowder Empires and the Restoration of the Islamic Bridge Between Civilizations 597 Further Readings 598 On the Web 599 CHAPTER 27 Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change 600 The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans 602 Ming China: A Global Mission Refused 609 7135A01_FM01.qxp_jm 10/12/09 10:14 AM Page vii viii Contents DOCUMENT: Exam Questions as a Mirror of Chinese Values 611 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Great Ships of the Ming Expeditions that Crossed the Indian Ocean 615 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Means and Motives for Overseas Expansion: Europe and China Compared 616 Fending Off the West: Japan’s Reunification and the First Challenge 617 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: An Age of Eurasian Protoglobalization 621 Further Readings 621 On the Web 622 PART V THE DAWN OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE, 1750—1914 628 CHAPTER 28 The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750—1914 636 The Age of Revolution 637 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The French Revolution in Cartoons 640 The Consolidation of the Industrial Order, 1850—1914 644 DOCUMENT: Protesting the Industrial Revolution 646 Cultural Transformations 649 Western Settler Societies 652 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Two Revolutions: Industrial and Atlantic 653 Diplomatic Tensions and World War I 656 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Industrial Europe and the World 657 Further Readings 658 On the Web 658 CHAPTER 29 Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order 660 The Shift to Land Empires in Asia 662 THINKING HISTORICALLY:Western Education and the Rise of an African and Asian Middle Class 668 Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870—1914 670 Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change 673 DOCUMENT: Contrary Images: The Colonizer Versus the Colonized on the “Civilizing Mission” 674 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Capitalism and Colonialism 677 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: A European-Dominated Early Phase of Globalization 682 Further Readings 682 On the Web 683 CHAPTER 30 The Consolidation of Latin America, 1830—1920 684 From Colonies to Nations 685 New Nations Confront Old and New Problems 689 Latin American Economies and World Markets, 1820—1870 692 DOCUMENT: Confronting the Hispanic Heritage: From Independence to Consolidation 698 Societies in Search of Themselves 701 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Explaining Underdevelopment 704 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Images of the Spanish-American War 706 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: New Latin American Nations and the World 708 Further Readings 710 On the Web 710 CHAPTER 31 Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China 712 From Empire to Nation: Ottoman Retreat and the Birth of Turkey 713 Western Intrusions and the Crisis in the Arab Islamic Heartlands 717 THINKING HISTORICALLY:Western Dominance and the Decline of Civilizations 718 The Last Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the Qing Empire in China 723 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Mapping the Decline of Civilizations 724 DOCUMENT: Transforming Imperial China into a Nation 732 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Muslim and Chinese Decline and a Shifting Global Balance 733 Further Readings 734 On the Web 734 CHAPTER 32 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West 736 Russia’s Reforms and Industrial Advance 737 DOCUMENT: Conditions for Factory Workers in Russia’s Industrialization 742 Protest and Revolution in Russia 743 Japan: Transformation Without Revolution 746 THINKING HISTORICALLY: The Separate Paths of Japan and China 748 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Two Faces ofWestern Influence 751 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Russia and Japan in the World 754 Further Readings 754 On the Web 755 PART VI THE NEWEST STAGE OFWORLD HISTORY: 1914—PRESENT 760 CHAPTER 33 Descent into the Abyss:World War I and the Crisis of the European Global Order 770 The Coming of the Great War 772 A World at War 775 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Trench Warfare 776 Failed Peace and Global Turmoil 782 7135A01_FM01.qxp_jm 10/12/09 10:14 AM Page viii Contents ix The Nationalist Assault on the European Colonial Order 783 DOCUMENT: Lessons for the Colonized from the Slaughter in the Trenches 784 THINKING HISTORICALLY:Women in Asian and African Nationalist Movements 792 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS:World War and Global Upheavals 795 Further Readings 795 On the Web 796 CHAPTER 34 The World between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response 798 The Roaring Twenties 799 Revolution: The First Waves 804 THINKING HISTORICALLY: A Century of Revolutions 810 The Global Great Depression 817 The Authoritarian Response 820 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Guernica and the Images of War 823 DOCUMENT: Socialist Realism 828 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Economic Depression, Authoritarian Response, and Democratic Retreat 830 Further Readings 831 On the Web 832 CHAPTER 35 A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order 834 Old and New Causes of a Second World War 835 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Total War, Global Devastation 837 Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the Pacific 838 The Conduct of a Second Global War 840 DOCUMENT: Japan’s Defeat in a Global War 847 War’s End and the Emergence of the Superpower Standoff 848 Nationalism and Decolonization in South and Southeast Asia and Africa 849 VISUALIZING THE PAST: National Leaders for a New Global Order 852 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Persisting Trends in a World Transformed by War 857 Further Readings 857 On the Web 858 CHAPTER 36 Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War 860 After World War II: A New International Setting for the West 860 The Resurgence of Western Europe 864 THINKING HISTORICALLY: The United States and Western Europe: Convergence and Complexity 868 Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand 870 Culture and Society in the West 872 VISUALIZING THE PAST:Women at Work in France and the United States 874 Eastern Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire 878 Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions 881 DOCUMENT: A Cold War Speech 886 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Cold War and the World 887 Further Readings 887 On the Web 888 CHAPTER 37 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21st Century 890 Latin America After World War II 892 Radical Options in the 1950s 894 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Murals and Posters: Art and Revolution 895 DOCUMENT: The People Speak 898 The Search for Reform and the Military Option 898 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Human Rights in the 20th Century 902 Societies in Search of Change 905 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Struggling Toward the Future in a Global Economy 909 Further Readings 910 On the Web 910 CHAPTER 38 Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence 912 The Challenges of Independence 913 DOCUMENT: Cultural Creativity in the Emerging Nations: Some Literary Samples 921 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Artificial Nations and the Rising Tide of Communal Strife 922 Post-Colonial Options for Achieving Economic Growth and Social Justice 924 Delayed Revolutions: Religious Revivalism and Liberation Movements in Settler Societies 930 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Globalization and Postcolonial Societies 935 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Postcolonial Nations in the Cold War World Order 935 Further Readings 936 On the Web 936 CHAPTER 39 Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim 938 East Asia in the Postwar Settlements 939 The Pacific Rim:More Japans? 946 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Pacific Rim Growth 948 THINKING HISTORICALLY: The Pacific Rim as a U.S. Policy Issue 950 Mao’s China: Vanguard of World Revolution? 951 DOCUMENT:Women in the Revolutionary Struggles for Social Justice 956 Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam 958 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: East Asia and the Pacific Rim in the Contemporary World 963 7135A01_FM01.qxp_jm 10/12/09 10:14 AM Page ix x Contents Further Readings 964 On the Web 964 CHAPTER 40 Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990—2010 966 The End of the Cold War 967 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Symbolism in the Breakdown of the Soviet Bloc 974 The Spread of Democracy 975 DOCUMENT: Democratic Protest and Repression in China 976 The Great Powers and New Disputes 977 The United States as Sole Superpower 980 THINKING HISTORICALLY: Terrorism, Then and Now 982 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: New Global Standards, New Divisions 984 Further Readings 984 On the Web 986 CHAPTER 41 Globalization and Resistance 988 Globalization: Causes and Processes 989 DOCUMENT: Protests Against Globalization 996 Resistance and Alternatives 998 THINKING HISTORICALLY: How Much Historical Change? 999 The Global Environment 1000 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Two Faces of Globalization 1003 Toward the Future 1005 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Civilizations and Global Forces 1006 Further Readings 1006 On the Web 1007 Glossary G-1 Credits C-1 Index I-1 Table of Contents
Get World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Volume 2, 6th Edition by Peter N. Stearns, George Mason University Michael B. Adas, Rutgers University Stuart B. Schwartz, Yale University Marc Jason Gilbert, Hawaii Pacific University
